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Bismuth vs Rubidium

Bismuth
Rubidium
Rubidium vs Bismuth


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi  
Rb  
Group Number
15  
3
1  
17
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
p block  
s block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7440699  
22
7440177  
99+
Space Group Name
C12/m1  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
12.00  
12
229.00  
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Obtained from Lithium Production.  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy  
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff  
Discovery
In 1753  
In 1861  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %  
25
1 * 10-6 %  
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %  
14
~0.000003 %  
17
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Humans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
NA  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3  
7
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.  
22
5.00 p.p.m.  
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C  
99+
38.89 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C  
99+
688.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Grayish White  
Luster
Metallic  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25  
15
0.30  
24
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
0.22 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
1,300.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi  
Rb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02  
6
0.82  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34  
3
0.31  
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67  
6
0.89  
40
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15  
4
0.69  
24
Allen Electronegativity
2.01  
4
0.71  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98  
99+
3.18  
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
33
2,633.00 kJ/mol  
6
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,860.00 kJ/mol  
11
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
28
5,080.00 kJ/mol  
18
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
6,850.00 kJ/mol  
19
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
19
8,140.00 kJ/mol  
20
7th Energy level
Not Available  
9,570.00 kJ/mol  
20
8th Energy Level
Not Available  
13,120.00 kJ/mol  
17
9th Energy Level
Not Available  
14,500.00 kJ/mol  
18
10th Energy Level
Not Available  
26,740.00 kJ/mol  
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr  
19
3.19 g/amp-hr  
14
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV  
22
2.16 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83  
33
37  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
[Kr] 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
83  
33
37  
99+
Number of Neutrons
126  
18
48  
99+
Number of Electrons
83  
33
37  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm  
29
248.00 pm  
2
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm  
36
220.00 pm  
4
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm  
26
303.00 pm  
3
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu  
29
85.47 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol  
14
55.90 cm3/mol  
2
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lead
  
Gallium
  
Next Element
Polonium
  
Strontium
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
9.47 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm  
2
558.50 pm  
10
Lattice Angles
NA  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3  
39
1.53 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3  
18
1.46 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa  
99+
Not Available  
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa  
38
2.50 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa  
99+
2.40 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.33  
11
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
Ductile  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.79  
30
1.53  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
6
Not Available  
Susceptibility
0.00  
6
Not Available  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
128.00 nΩ·m  
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω  
24
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol  
11
46.90 kJ/mol  
24
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
40
0.36 J/(kg K)  
17
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K  
37
31.06 J/mol·K  
5
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
58.20 W/m·K  
26
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
2,093.00 K  
4
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
28
90.00 µm/(m·K)  
2
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
69.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol  
33
2.19 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
82.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K  
24
76.80 J/mol.K  
5
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