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Bismuth vs Lead

Bismuth
Lead
Lead vs Bismuth


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi   
Pb   
Group Number
15   
3
14   
4
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
p block   
p block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440699   
22
7439921   
99+
Space Group Name
C12/m1   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
12.00   
12
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1753   
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %   
25
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %   
14
~0.000001 %   
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
26
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
24
0.00 %   
22
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3   
11
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.   
22
30.00 p.p.m.   
10
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C   
99+
327.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C   
99+
1,740.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25   
15
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa   
99+
38.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
1,190.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi   
Pb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02   
6
1.87   
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34   
3
2.29   
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67   
6
1.55   
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15   
4
2.41   
2
Allen Electronegativity
2.01   
4
1.85   
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98   
99+
1.67   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
715.60 kJ/mol   
31
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
1,450.50 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,081.50 kJ/mol   
23
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
4,083.00 kJ/mol   
35
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30
6,640.00 kJ/mol   
20
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
3.87 g/amp-hr   
9
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV   
22
4.25 eV   
21
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83   
33
82   
34
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
83   
33
82   
34
Number of Neutrons
126   
18
125   
19
Number of Electrons
83   
33
82   
34
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm   
29
175.00 pm   
19
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm   
36
146.00 pm   
38
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm   
26
202.00 pm   
27
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu   
29
207.20 amu   
30
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
18.17 cm3/mol   
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lead
  
Thallium
  
Next Element
Polonium
  
Bismuth
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
24.20 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm   
2
495.08 pm   
16
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3   
39
11.34 g/cm3   
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3   
18
10.66 g/cm3   
15
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
12.00 MPa   
20
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
1.64 (Pa)   
7
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa   
99+
5.60 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa   
38
46.00 GPa   
24
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa   
99+
16.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.33   
11
0.44   
3
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.79   
30
11.35   
25
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
6
Not Available   
Susceptibility
0.00   
6
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
208.00 nΩ·m   
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω   
36
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
35.10 kJ/mol   
28
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
26.65 J/mol·K   
26
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
35.30 W/m·K   
38
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
28.90 µm/(m·K)   
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
179.40 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
4.77 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
194.60 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
64.80 J/mol.K   
17
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