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Lead vs Indium

Lead
Indium
Indium vs Lead


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pb  
In  
Group Number
14  
4
13  
5
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
p block  
p block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7439921  
99+
7440746  
17
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
I4/mmm  
Space Group Number
225.00  
2
139.00  
8
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown  
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter  
Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)  
In 1863  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %  
16
3 * 10-8 %  
28
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %  
18
~0.0000004 %  
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
8
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry  
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Medical Research  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3  
11
Not Available  
In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.  
10
Not Available  
Physical Properties
Melting Point
327.50 °C  
99+
156.61 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C  
99+
2,000.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Silvery Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
18
1.20  
20
Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa  
99+
8.80 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s  
99+
1,215.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pb  
In  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.87  
13
1.78  
16
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.29  
4
2.14  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55  
11
1.49  
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.41  
2
1.76  
10
Allen Electronegativity
1.85  
8
1.66  
18
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.67  
99+
2.22  
38
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
31
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol  
99+
1,820.70 kJ/mol  
18
3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol  
23
2,704.00 kJ/mol  
39
4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol  
35
5,210.00 kJ/mol  
17
5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol  
20
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr  
9
1.43 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV  
21
4.12 eV  
24
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
82  
34
49  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100  
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
82  
34
49  
99+
Number of Neutrons
125  
19
66  
99+
Number of Electrons
82  
34
49  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm  
19
167.00 pm  
24
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm  
38
142.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm  
27
193.00 pm  
31
Atomic Weight
207.20 amu  
30
114.82 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol  
27
15.70 cm3/mol  
33
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thallium
  
Cadmium
  
Next Element
Bismuth
  
Tin
  
Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)  
99+
54.00 (-eV)  
25
Lattice Constant
495.08 pm  
16
325.23 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm3  
33
7.31 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3  
15
7.02 g/cm3  
33
Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa  
20
2.50 MPa  
21
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)  
7
0.01 (Pa)  
11
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa  
99+
Not Available  
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa  
24
Not Available  
Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa  
99+
11.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.35  
25
7.31  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m  
16
83.70 nΩ·m  
34
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
36
0.12 106/cm Ω  
17
Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol  
28
28.90 kJ/mol  
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
39
0.23 J/(kg K)  
27
Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K  
26
26.74 J/mol·K  
25
Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K  
38
81.80 W/m·K  
21
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)  
13
32.10 µm/(m·K)  
9
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol  
99+
226.40 kJ/mol  
40
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol  
99+
3.28 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol  
99+
242.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K  
17
57.80 J/mol.K  
22
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