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Lead vs Nihonium

Lead
Nihonium
Nihonium vs Lead


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pb  
Nh  
Group Number
14  
4
13  
5
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
p block  
p block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Probably Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7439921  
99+
54084707  
6
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Nihonium is a synthetic chemical element and is highly radioactive.  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory  
Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)  
In 2003  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
18
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
23
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
26
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
22
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
9
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
  • Currently known uses of Ununtrium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3  
11
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.  
10
0.20 p.p.m.  
27
Physical
Melting Point
327.50 °C  
99+
430.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C  
99+
1,130.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
-  
Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa  
99+
600.00 MPa  
24
Vickers Hardness
38.00 MPa  
99+
350.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s  
99+
3,600.00 m/s  
29
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.02  
14
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
5.00 %  
39
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pb  
Nh  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
7  
31
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.87  
14
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.29  
4
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55  
12
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.41  
2
1.00  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.85  
11
0.70  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.67  
99+
2.20  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
31
704.90 kJ/mol  
34
2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol  
99+
2,238.50 kJ/mol  
7
3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol  
23
3,023.30 kJ/mol  
26
4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,351.50 kJ/mol  
39
5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol  
32
5,692.60 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
36
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
40
8th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
32
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
36
9th Energy Level
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
30
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
33
10th Energy Level
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
34
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
37
11th Energy Level
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
33
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
35
12th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
70,000.00 kJ/mol  
5
13th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
28
7,000.00 kJ/mol  
34
14th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
7,000.00 kJ/mol  
24
15th Energy Level
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
24
70,000.00 kJ/mol  
30
16th Energy Level
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
19
70,000.00 kJ/mol  
25
17th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
40
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
30
3,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
37
540.20 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol  
31
700.00 kJ/mol  
36
21st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
1,130.00 kJ/mol  
29
22nd Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
558.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
7,000.00 kJ/mol  
11
24th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
700.00 kJ/mol  
29
25th Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
586.20 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
23
704.90 kJ/mol  
28
28th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
29
704.90 kJ/mol  
33
29th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
30
704.90 kJ/mol  
34
30th Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol  
24
704.00 kJ/mol  
28
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr  
9
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV  
28
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
82  
34
113  
5
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2  
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Ununtrium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
82  
34
113  
5
Number of Neutrons
125  
20
150  
12
Number of Electrons
82  
34
113  
5
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm  
21
170.00 pm  
24
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm  
40
170.00 pm  
27
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm  
34
320.00 pm  
3
Atomic Weight
207.20 amu  
30
286.00 amu  
4
Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol  
39
21.10 cm3/mol  
24
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thallium
  
Copernicium
  
Next Element
Bismuth
  
Flerovium
  
Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)  
99+
6.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
495.08 pm  
18
0.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.51  
99+
1.58  
35
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm3  
35
16.00 g/cm3  
19
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3  
36
16.00 g/cm3  
19
Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa  
99+
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
29
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)  
7
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa  
99+
40.00 GPa  
19
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa  
28
0.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa  
99+
12.20 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.35  
38
16.00  
21
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
5
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m  
16
0.32 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol  
33
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K  
34
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K  
39
1.70 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
600.61 K  
99+
700.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)  
13
6.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol  
99+
410.80 kJ/mol  
23
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol  
99+
320.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K  
18
65.00 J/mol.K  
17
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