Element Family
Alkali
Post-Transition
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Pm-3m
Interesting Facts
- Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
- Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
Sources
Obtained from Lithium Production.
Mining, Ores of metals
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Discovery
In 1861
In 1898
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
Uses & Benefits
- Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
- Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes
Alloys
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Grayish White
Silver
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
α Allotropes
Not Available
α-polonium
β Allotropes
Not Available
β-polonium
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Pauling Electropositivity
2nd Energy Level
Not Available
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
4th Energy Level
Not Available
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6th Energy Level
Not Available
7th Energy level
Not Available
8th Energy Level
Not Available
9th Energy Level
Not Available
10th Energy Level
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Monoclinic (MON)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Density At Room Temperature
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
Young's Modulus
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Nonmagnetic
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available