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Rubidium vs Radium

Rubidium
Radium
Radium vs Rubidium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rb  
Ra  
Group Number
1  
17
2  
16
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
s block  
s block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440177  
99+
7440144  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
1
229.00  
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
Sources
Obtained from Lithium Production.  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff  
Not Available  
Discovery
In 1861  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %  
16
Not Available  
Abundance In Sun
~0.000003 %  
17
~-9999 %  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
19
Not Available  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
18
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
7
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
7
0.00 %  
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
Industrial Uses
NA  
NA  
Medical Uses
NA  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes  
NA  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3  
7
Not Available  
In Bone
5.00 p.p.m.  
13
Not Available  
Physical Properties
Melting Point
38.89 °C  
99+
700.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
688.00 °C  
99+
1,737.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Silvery White  
Luster
NA  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.30  
24
Not Available  
Brinell Hardness
0.22 MPa  
99+
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
1,300.00 m/s  
99+
Not Available  
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rb  
Ra  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82  
99+
0.90  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.31  
32
Not Available  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.89  
40
0.97  
38
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.69  
24
0.92  
20
Allen Electronegativity
0.71  
99+
0.89  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18  
3
3.10  
5
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,633.00 kJ/mol  
6
979.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,860.00 kJ/mol  
11
Not Available  
4th Energy Level
5,080.00 kJ/mol  
18
Not Available  
5th Energy Level
6,850.00 kJ/mol  
19
Not Available  
6th Energy Level
8,140.00 kJ/mol  
20
Not Available  
7th Energy level
9,570.00 kJ/mol  
20
Not Available  
8th Energy Level
13,120.00 kJ/mol  
17
Not Available  
9th Energy Level
14,500.00 kJ/mol  
18
Not Available  
10th Energy Level
26,740.00 kJ/mol  
6
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.19 g/amp-hr  
14
4.22 g/amp-hr  
6
Electron Work Function
2.16 eV  
99+
Not Available  
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
37  
99+
88  
30
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s1  
[Rn] 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
37  
99+
88  
30
Number of Neutrons
48  
99+
138  
16
Number of Electrons
37  
99+
88  
30
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
248.00 pm  
2
Not Available  
Covalent Radius
220.00 pm  
4
221.00 pm  
3
Van der Waals Radius
303.00 pm  
3
283.00 pm  
4
Atomic Weight
85.47 amu  
99+
226.00 amu  
26
Atomic Volume
55.90 cm3/mol  
2
45.20 cm3/mol  
4
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gallium
  
Francium
  
Next Element
Strontium
  
Actinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.47 (-eV)  
99+
20.10 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
558.50 pm  
10
514.80 pm  
13
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.53 g/cm3  
99+
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.46 g/cm3  
99+
Not Available  
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Bulk Modulus
2.50 GPa  
99+
Not Available  
Young's Modulus
2.40 GPa  
99+
Not Available  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.53  
99+
5.00  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Nonmagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
NA  
Resistivity
128.00 nΩ·m  
26
100.00 nΩ·m  
31
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω  
24
Not Available  
Electron Affinity
46.90 kJ/mol  
24
Not Available  
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.36 J/(kg K)  
17
0.12 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
31.06 J/mol·K  
5
Not Available  
Thermal Conductivity
58.20 W/m·K  
26
18.60 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,093.00 K  
4
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
90.00 µm/(m·K)  
2
Not Available  
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
69.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Not Available  
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.19 kJ/mol  
99+
Not Available  
Enthalpy of Atomization
82.00 kJ/mol  
99+
163.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
76.80 J/mol.K  
5
71.00 J/mol.K  
14
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