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Radium vs Rubidium

Radium
Rubidium
Rubidium vs Radium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra   
Rb   
Group Number
2   
16
1   
17
Period Number
7   
5   
Block
s block   
s block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Alkali   
CAS Number
7440144   
99+
7440177   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Obtained from Lithium Production.   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available   
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   
Discovery
In 1898   
In 1861   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.000003 %   
17
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
7
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
20
0.00 %   
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
NA   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3   
7
In Bone
Not Available   
5.00 p.p.m.   
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
700.00 °C   
99+
38.89 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C   
99+
688.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Grayish White   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
0.30   
24
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
0.22 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
1,300.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ra   
Rb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90   
99+
0.82   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.31   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
0.89   
40
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92   
20
0.69   
24
Allen Electronegativity
0.89   
99+
0.71   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10   
5
3.18   
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol   
99+
403.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,633.00 kJ/mol   
6
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
3,860.00 kJ/mol   
11
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,080.00 kJ/mol   
18
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,850.00 kJ/mol   
19
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,140.00 kJ/mol   
20
7th Energy level
Not Available   
9,570.00 kJ/mol   
20
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,120.00 kJ/mol   
17
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,500.00 kJ/mol   
18
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,740.00 kJ/mol   
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr   
6
3.19 g/amp-hr   
14
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
2.16 eV   
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
88   
30
37   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2   
[Kr] 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
88   
30
37   
99+
Number of Neutrons
138   
16
48   
99+
Number of Electrons
88   
30
37   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
Not Available   
248.00 pm   
2
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm   
3
220.00 pm   
4
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm   
4
303.00 pm   
3
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu   
26
85.47 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol   
4
55.90 cm3/mol   
2
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Francium
  
Gallium
  
Next Element
Actinium
  
Strontium
  
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)   
99+
9.47 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm   
13
558.50 pm   
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
1.53 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
1.46 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
2.50 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
2.40 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.00   
99+
1.53   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA   
Conductor   
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m   
31
128.00 nΩ·m   
26
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.08 106/cm Ω   
24
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
46.90 kJ/mol   
24
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.36 J/(kg K)   
17
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
31.06 J/mol·K   
5
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K   
99+
58.20 W/m·K   
26
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
2,093.00 K   
4
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
90.00 µm/(m·K)   
2
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
69.20 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
2.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol   
99+
82.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K   
14
76.80 J/mol.K   
5
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