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Radium vs Rubidium

Radium
Rubidium
Rubidium vs Radium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra  
Rb  
Group Number
2  
16
1  
17
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
s block  
s block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7440144  
99+
7440177  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
1
229.00  
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Obtained from Lithium Production.  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available  
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff  
Discovery
In 1898  
In 1861  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available  
1 * 10-6 %  
16
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %  
~0.000003 %  
17
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available  
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
Industrial Uses
NA  
NA  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
NA  
Other Uses
NA  
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
Not Available  
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3  
7
In Bone
Not Available  
5.00 p.p.m.  
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
700.00 °C  
99+
38.89 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C  
99+
688.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Grayish White  
Luster
Metallic  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available  
0.30  
24
Brinell Hardness
Not Available  
0.22 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available  
1,300.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ra  
Rb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
0.82  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available  
0.31  
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97  
38
0.89  
40
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92  
20
0.69  
24
Allen Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
0.71  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10  
5
3.18  
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,633.00 kJ/mol  
6
3rd Energy Level
Not Available  
3,860.00 kJ/mol  
11
4th Energy Level
Not Available  
5,080.00 kJ/mol  
18
5th Energy Level
Not Available  
6,850.00 kJ/mol  
19
6th Energy Level
Not Available  
8,140.00 kJ/mol  
20
7th Energy level
Not Available  
9,570.00 kJ/mol  
20
8th Energy Level
Not Available  
13,120.00 kJ/mol  
17
9th Energy Level
Not Available  
14,500.00 kJ/mol  
18
10th Energy Level
Not Available  
26,740.00 kJ/mol  
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr  
6
3.19 g/amp-hr  
14
Electron Work Function
Not Available  
2.16 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
88  
30
37  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2  
[Kr] 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
88  
30
37  
99+
Number of Neutrons
138  
16
48  
99+
Number of Electrons
88  
30
37  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
Not Available  
248.00 pm  
2
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm  
3
220.00 pm  
4
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm  
4
303.00 pm  
3
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu  
26
85.47 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol  
4
55.90 cm3/mol  
2
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Francium
  
Gallium
  
Next Element
Actinium
  
Strontium
  
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)  
99+
9.47 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm  
13
558.50 pm  
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
1.53 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available  
1.46 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Bulk Modulus
Not Available  
2.50 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
Not Available  
2.40 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
Ductile  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.00  
99+
1.53  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA  
Conductor  
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m  
31
128.00 nΩ·m  
26
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available  
0.08 106/cm Ω  
24
Electron Affinity
Not Available  
46.90 kJ/mol  
24
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
40
0.36 J/(kg K)  
17
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available  
31.06 J/mol·K  
5
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K  
99+
58.20 W/m·K  
26
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
2,093.00 K  
4
Thermal Expansion
Not Available  
90.00 µm/(m·K)  
2
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available  
69.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available  
2.19 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol  
99+
82.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K  
14
76.80 J/mol.K  
5
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