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Radium vs Molybdenum

Radium
Molybdenum
Molybdenum vs Radium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra  
Mo  
Group Number
2  
16
6  
12
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440144  
99+
7439987  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Carl Wilhelm Scheele  
Discovery
In 1898  
In 1778  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
34
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
Physical
Melting Point
700.00 °C  
99+
2,617.00 °C  
5
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C  
99+
4,612.00 °C  
9
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.00  
22
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
700.00 MPa  
17
1,370.00 MPa  
7
Vickers Hardness
140.00 MPa  
99+
1,400.00 MPa  
11
Speed of Sound
3,150.00 m/s  
37
5,400.00 m/s  
9
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
2.00  
15
Reflectivity
83.00 %  
6
58.00 %  
25
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ra  
Mo  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
2.16  
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
1.15  
34
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97  
39
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92  
99+
2.16  
7
Allen Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
2.16  
3
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10  
5
1.84  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
684.30 kJ/mol  
37
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,560.00 kJ/mol  
38
3rd Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
2,618.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,093.00 kJ/mol  
27
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
36
5th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,257.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,640.80 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,125.00 kJ/mol  
13
8th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13,860.00 kJ/mol  
16
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,835.00 kJ/mol  
16
10th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17,980.00 kJ/mol  
18
11th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20,190.00 kJ/mol  
17
12th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22,219.00 kJ/mol  
38
13th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,930.00 kJ/mol  
13
14th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,196.00 kJ/mol  
13
15th Energy Level
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
52,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
55,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
61,400.00 kJ/mol  
9
18th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
67,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
19th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
74,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
20th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
21st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
22nd Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
93,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
23rd Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
98,420.00 kJ/mol  
6
24th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
104,400.00 kJ/mol  
2
25th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
121,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
26th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
127,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
27th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
133,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
28th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
139,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
29th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
148,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
30th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
154,500.00 kJ/mol  
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr  
6
0.89 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
4.60 eV  
17
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
88  
30
42  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2  
[Kr] 4d5 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
88  
30
42  
99+
Number of Neutrons
138  
17
54  
99+
Number of Electrons
88  
30
42  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm  
6
139.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm  
3
154.00 pm  
34
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm  
5
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu  
26
95.95 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol  
5
9.40 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Francium
  
Niobium
  
Next Element
Actinium
  
Technetium
  
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)  
99+
88.60 (-eV)  
13
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm  
15
314.70 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
99+
1.03  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
10.28 g/cm3  
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
9.33 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
324.00 MPa  
15
Viscosity
0.00  
2
0.00  
5
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
33
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
25.00 GPa  
38
126.00 GPa  
8
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa  
33
230.00 GPa  
6
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
25
329.00 GPa  
6
Poisson Ratio
0.31  
13
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.00  
99+
10.22  
40
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
18
0.00  
29
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m  
31
53.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.19 106/cm Ω  
11
Electron Affinity
0.90 kJ/mol  
99+
71.90 kJ/mol  
16
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.25 J/(kg K)  
21
Molar Heat Capacity
20.05 J/mol·K  
99+
24.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K  
99+
138.00 W/m·K  
12
Critical Temperature
973.00 K  
99+
2,896.00 K  
6
Thermal Expansion
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
4.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
594.10 kJ/mol  
9
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.60 kJ/mol  
99+
27.61 kJ/mol  
5
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol  
99+
653.00 kJ/mol  
7
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K  
14
28.70 J/mol.K  
99+
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