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Molybdenum vs Radium

Molybdenum
Radium
Radium vs Molybdenum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mo  
Ra  
Group Number
6  
12
2  
16
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7439987  
99+
7440144  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele  
-  
Discovery
In 1778  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
24
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
23
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
34
In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
2,617.00 °C  
5
700.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
4,612.00 °C  
9
1,737.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
1.00  
22
Brinell Hardness
1,370.00 MPa  
7
700.00 MPa  
17
Vickers Hardness
1,400.00 MPa  
11
140.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
5,400.00 m/s  
9
3,150.00 m/s  
37
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.00  
15
1.00  
99+
Reflectivity
58.00 %  
25
83.00 %  
6
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Mo  
Ra  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25  
14
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.16  
6
0.90  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.15  
34
0.89  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
0.97  
39
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.16  
7
0.92  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
2.16  
3
0.89  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.84  
99+
3.10  
5
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
684.30 kJ/mol  
37
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,560.00 kJ/mol  
38
979.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,618.00 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
36
5,093.00 kJ/mol  
27
5th Energy Level
5,257.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
6,640.80 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
12,125.00 kJ/mol  
13
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
13,860.00 kJ/mol  
16
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
15,835.00 kJ/mol  
16
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
17,980.00 kJ/mol  
18
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
20,190.00 kJ/mol  
17
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
22,219.00 kJ/mol  
38
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
26,930.00 kJ/mol  
13
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
29,196.00 kJ/mol  
13
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
52,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
55,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
61,400.00 kJ/mol  
9
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
67,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
74,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
98,420.00 kJ/mol  
6
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
104,400.00 kJ/mol  
2
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
121,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
127,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
133,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
139,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
148,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
154,500.00 kJ/mol  
1
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.89 g/amp-hr  
99+
4.22 g/amp-hr  
6
Electron Work Function
4.60 eV  
17
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
42  
99+
88  
30
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s1  
[Rn] 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
42  
99+
88  
30
Number of Neutrons
54  
99+
138  
17
Number of Electrons
42  
99+
88  
30
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
215.00 pm  
6
Covalent Radius
154.00 pm  
34
221.00 pm  
3
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
283.00 pm  
5
Atomic Weight
95.95 amu  
99+
226.00 amu  
26
Atomic Volume
9.40 cm3/mol  
99+
45.20 cm3/mol  
5
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Niobium
  
Francium
  
Next Element
Technetium
  
Actinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
88.60 (-eV)  
13
20.10 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
314.70 pm  
99+
514.80 pm  
15
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.03  
99+
1.57  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.28 g/cm3  
39
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.33 g/cm3  
99+
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
324.00 MPa  
15
40.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
5
0.00  
2
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
27
0.00 (Pa)  
33
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
126.00 GPa  
8
25.00 GPa  
38
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa  
6
43.00 GPa  
33
Young's Modulus
329.00 GPa  
6
83.00 GPa  
25
Poisson Ratio
0.31  
13
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Weldable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.22  
40
5.00  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Nonmagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
29
0.00  
18
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
-  
Resistivity
53.40 nΩ·m  
99+
100.00 nΩ·m  
31
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
11
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
71.90 kJ/mol  
16
0.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.25 J/(kg K)  
21
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K  
99+
20.05 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
138.00 W/m·K  
12
18.60 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,896.00 K  
6
973.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
4.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
594.10 kJ/mol  
9
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.61 kJ/mol  
5
8.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
653.00 kJ/mol  
7
163.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
28.70 J/mol.K  
99+
71.00 J/mol.K  
14
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