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Radium vs Cadmium

Radium
Cadmium
Cadmium vs Radium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra   
Cd   
Group Number
2   
16
12   
6
Period Number
7   
5   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440144   
99+
7440439   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available   
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer   
Discovery
In 1898   
In 1817   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000006 %   
21
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
28
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
20
0.00 %   
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
24
In Bone
Not Available   
1.80 p.p.m.   
15
Physical Properties
Melting Point
700.00 °C   
99+
320.90 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C   
99+
765.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.00   
16
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
203.00 MPa   
39
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
2,310.00 m/s   
39
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
67.00 %   
11
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ra   
Cd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
34   
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90   
99+
1.69   
17
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
1.46   
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92   
20
1.53   
13
Allen Electronegativity
0.89   
99+
1.52   
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10   
5
2.31   
37
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol   
99+
867.80 kJ/mol   
11
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,631.40 kJ/mol   
32
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
3,616.00 kJ/mol   
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr   
6
2.10 g/amp-hr   
27
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.22 eV   
22
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
88   
30
48   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2   
[Kr] 4d10 5s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
88   
30
48   
99+
Number of Neutrons
138   
16
64   
99+
Number of Electrons
88   
30
48   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
Not Available   
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm   
3
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm   
4
158.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu   
26
112.41 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol   
4
13.10 cm3/mol   
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Francium
  
Silver
  
Next Element
Actinium
  
Indium
  
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)   
99+
30.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm   
13
297.94 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.89   
1
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
8.65 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
8.00 g/cm3   
28
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
62.00 MPa   
16
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
19.00 GPa   
35
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
42.00 GPa   
29
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
50.00 GPa   
36
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.30   
14
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.00   
99+
8.65   
36
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m   
31
72.70 nΩ·m   
36
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.14 106/cm Ω   
15
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.23 J/(kg K)   
26
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
26.02 J/mol·K   
32
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K   
99+
96.60 W/m·K   
16
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
30.80 µm/(m·K)   
10
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
100.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
6.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol   
99+
113.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K   
14
51.80 J/mol.K   
27
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