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Cadmium vs Cesium

Cadmium
Cesium
Cesium vs Cadmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cd  
Cs  
Group Number
12  
6
1  
17
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7440439  
99+
7440462  
40
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
229.00  
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  
Not Available  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer  
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff  
Discovery
In 1817  
In 1860  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %  
22
8 * 10-8 %  
24
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000006 %  
21
~0.0000008 %  
20
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
31
0.00 %  
38
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
11
0.00 %  
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  
  • The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
  • In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Mildly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
24
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
28
In Bone
1.80 p.p.m.  
15
0.05 p.p.m.  
26
Physical Properties
Melting Point
320.90 °C  
99+
28.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
765.00 °C  
99+
678.40 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Silvery Gold  
Luster
Metallic  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.00  
16
0.20  
25
Brinell Hardness
203.00 MPa  
39
0.14 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,310.00 m/s  
39
Not Available  
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
67.00 %  
11
Not Available  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cd  
Cs  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.69  
17
0.79  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98  
9
0.22  
33
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46  
15
0.86  
99+
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.53  
13
0.62  
26
Allen Electronegativity
1.52  
27
0.66  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.31  
37
3.21  
2
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol  
11
375.70 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,631.40 kJ/mol  
32
2,234.30 kJ/mol  
8
3rd Energy Level
3,616.00 kJ/mol  
13
3,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr  
27
4.96 g/amp-hr  
3
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV  
22
2.14 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
48  
99+
55  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2  
[Xe] 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
48  
99+
55  
99+
Number of Neutrons
64  
99+
78  
99+
Number of Electrons
48  
99+
55  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
32
265.00 pm  
1
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm  
40
244.00 pm  
2
Van der Waals Radius
158.00 pm  
99+
343.00 pm  
2
Atomic Weight
112.41 amu  
99+
132.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol  
39
71.07 cm3/mol  
1
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Silver
  
Tin
  
Next Element
Indium
  
Barium
  
Valence Electron Potential
30.00 (-eV)  
99+
8.62 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
297.94 pm  
99+
614.10 pm  
5
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.89  
1
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.65 g/cm3  
99+
1.93 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.00 g/cm3  
28
1.84 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
62.00 MPa  
16
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
19.00 GPa  
35
Not Available  
Bulk Modulus
42.00 GPa  
29
1.60 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
36
1.70 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.65  
36
1.87  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
72.70 nΩ·m  
36
205.00 nΩ·m  
17
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω  
15
0.05 106/cm Ω  
35
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
40
45.50 kJ/mol  
25
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
26
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
Molar Heat Capacity
26.02 J/mol·K  
32
32.21 J/mol·K  
4
Thermal Conductivity
96.60 W/m·K  
16
35.90 W/m·K  
36
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
1,938.00 K  
5
Thermal Expansion
30.80 µm/(m·K)  
10
97.00 µm/(m·K)  
1
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
65.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.19 kJ/mol  
99+
2.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
78.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.80 J/mol.K  
27
85.20 J/mol.K  
3
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