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Cesium vs Cadmium

Cesium
Cadmium
Cadmium vs Cesium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cs   
Cd   
Group Number
1   
17
12   
6
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440462   
40
7440439   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available   
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer   
Discovery
In 1860   
In 1817   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-8 %   
24
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000008 %   
20
~0.0000006 %   
21
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
38
0.00 %   
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
35
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
17
0.00 %   
28
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
17
0.00 %   
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
  • In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
  
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
28
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
24
In Bone
0.05 p.p.m.   
26
1.80 p.p.m.   
15
Physical Properties
Melting Point
28.50 °C   
99+
320.90 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
678.40 °C   
99+
765.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gold   
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.20   
25
2.00   
16
Brinell Hardness
0.14 MPa   
99+
203.00 MPa   
39
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
2,310.00 m/s   
39
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
67.00 %   
11
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cs   
Cd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
34   
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.79   
99+
1.69   
17
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.22   
33
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.86   
99+
1.46   
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.62   
26
1.53   
13
Allen Electronegativity
0.66   
99+
1.52   
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.21   
2
2.31   
37
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol   
99+
867.80 kJ/mol   
11
2nd Energy Level
2,234.30 kJ/mol   
8
1,631.40 kJ/mol   
32
3rd Energy Level
3,400.00 kJ/mol   
16
3,616.00 kJ/mol   
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.96 g/amp-hr   
3
2.10 g/amp-hr   
27
Electron Work Function
2.14 eV   
99+
4.22 eV   
22
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
55   
99+
48   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s1   
[Kr] 4d10 5s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
55   
99+
48   
99+
Number of Neutrons
78   
99+
64   
99+
Number of Electrons
55   
99+
48   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
265.00 pm   
1
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
244.00 pm   
2
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
343.00 pm   
2
158.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
132.91 amu   
99+
112.41 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
71.07 cm3/mol   
1
13.10 cm3/mol   
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tin
  
Silver
  
Next Element
Barium
  
Indium
  
Valence Electron Potential
8.62 (-eV)   
99+
30.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
614.10 pm   
5
297.94 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.89   
1
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.93 g/cm3   
99+
8.65 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.84 g/cm3   
99+
8.00 g/cm3   
28
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
62.00 MPa   
16
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
19.00 GPa   
35
Bulk Modulus
1.60 GPa   
99+
42.00 GPa   
29
Young's Modulus
1.70 GPa   
99+
50.00 GPa   
36
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.30   
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.87   
99+
8.65   
36
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
205.00 nΩ·m   
17
72.70 nΩ·m   
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
35
0.14 106/cm Ω   
15
Electron Affinity
45.50 kJ/mol   
25
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
23
0.23 J/(kg K)   
26
Molar Heat Capacity
32.21 J/mol·K   
4
26.02 J/mol·K   
32
Thermal Conductivity
35.90 W/m·K   
36
96.60 W/m·K   
16
Critical Temperature
1,938.00 K   
5
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
97.00 µm/(m·K)   
1
30.80 µm/(m·K)   
10
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
65.90 kJ/mol   
99+
100.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.10 kJ/mol   
99+
6.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
78.20 kJ/mol   
99+
113.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
85.20 J/mol.K   
3
51.80 J/mol.K   
27
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