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What is Cerium?
Cerium


Periodic Table
0
Symbol
Ce 0
Group Number
Not Available 0
Period Number
6 2
Block
f block 0
Element Family
Lanthanide 0
CAS Number
7440451 41
Space Group Name
P63/mmc 0
Space Group Number
194.00 5
Facts
0
Interesting Facts
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
0
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals 0
History
0
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger 0
Discovery
In 1803 0
Abundance
0
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 % 16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 % 23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 % 27
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 % 18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 % 33
Abundance In Humans
Not Available 0
Uses
0
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
0
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry 0
Medical Uses
Medical Research 0
Other Uses
Alloys 0
Biological Properties
0
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic 0
Present in Human Body
Yes 0
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3 30
In Bone
2.70 p.p.m. 14
Physical
0
Melting Point
795.00 °C 56
Boiling Point
3,257.00 °C 23
Appearance
0
Physical State
Solid 0
Color
Silvery White 0
Luster
Lustrous 0
Hardness
0
Mohs Hardness
2.50 14
Brinell Hardness
186.00 MPa 43
Vickers Hardness
210.00 MPa 32
Speed of Sound
2,100.00 m/s 43
Optical Properties
0
Refractive Index
Not Available 0
Reflectivity
Not Available 0
Allotropes
No 0
α Allotropes
Not Available 0
β Allotropes
Not Available 0
γ Allotropes
Not Available 0
Chemical
0
Chemical Formula
Ce 0
Isotopes
0
Known Isotopes
30 9
Electronegativity
0
Pauling Electronegativity
1.12 43
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available 0
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08 31
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available 0
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available 0
Electropositivity
0
Pauling Electropositivity
2.88 11
Ionization Energies
0
1st Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol 76
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol 78
3rd Energy Level
1,949.00 kJ/mol 78
4th Energy Level
3,547.00 kJ/mol 55
5th Energy Level
6,325.00 kJ/mol 22
6th Energy Level
7,490.00 kJ/mol 21
7th Energy level
Not Available 0
8th Energy Level
Not Available 0
9th Energy Level
Not Available 0
10th Energy Level
Not Available 0
11th Energy Level
Not Available 0
12th Energy Level
Not Available 0
13th Energy Level
Not Available 0
14th Energy Level
Not Available 0
15th Energy Level
Not Available 0
16th Energy Level
Not Available 0
17th Energy Level
Not Available 0
18th Energy Level
Not Available 0
19th Energy Level
Not Available 0
20th Energy Level
Not Available 0
21st Energy Level
Not Available 0
22nd Energy Level
Not Available 0
23rd Energy Level
Not Available 0
24th Energy Level
Not Available 0
25th Energy Level
Not Available 0
26th Energy Level
Not Available 0
27th Energy Level
Not Available 0
28th Energy Level
Not Available 0
29th Energy Level
Not Available 0
30th Energy Level
Not Available 0
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.74 g/amp-hr 41
Electron Work Function
2.84 eV 39
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility 0
Atomic
0
Atomic Number
58 58
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2 0
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP) 0
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100 0
Atom
0
Number of Protons
58 57
Number of Neutrons
82 41
Number of Electrons
58 57
Radius of an Atom
0
Atomic Radius
181.80 pm 12
Covalent Radius
204.00 pm 8
Van der Waals Radius
235.00 pm 17
Atomic Weight
140.12 amu 52
Atomic Volume
20.67 cm3/mol 17
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
0
Previous Element
72 0
Next Element
81 0
Valence Electron Potential
41.78 (-eV) 45
Lattice Constant
362.00 pm 34
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3 0
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available 0
Mechanical
0
Density
0
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3 63
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.55 g/cm3 38
Tensile Strength
Not Available 0
Viscosity
Not Available 0
Vapor Pressure
0
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa) 34
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
1.04 (Pa) 13
Elasticity properties
0
Shear Modulus
13.50 GPa 41
Bulk Modulus
21.50 GPa 42
Young's Modulus
33.60 GPa 43
Poisson Ratio
0.24 27
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable 0
Magnetic
0
Magnetic Characteristics
0
Specific Gravity
6.77 50
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic 0
Permeability
Not Available 0
Susceptibility
Not Available 0
Electrical Properties
0
Electrical Property
Conductor 0
Resistivity
828.00 nΩ·m 3
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω 54
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol 21
Thermal
0
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K) 32
Molar Heat Capacity
26.94 J/mol·K 23
Thermal Conductivity
11.30 W/m·K 61
Critical Temperature
Not Available 0
Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K) 52
Enthalpy
0
Enthalpy of Vaporization
414.00 kJ/mol 16
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.46 kJ/mol 52
Enthalpy of Atomization
381.00 kJ/mol 23
Standard Molar Entropy
72.00 J/mol.K 12
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