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Lanthanum vs Samarium

Lanthanum
Samarium
Samarium vs Lanthanum


Periodic Table
Symbol
La   
Sm   
Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7439910   
99+
7440199   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
R_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
166.00   
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
  • If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
  
  • Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
  • Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander   
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   
Discovery
In 1838   
In 1879   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
5 * 10-7 %   
19
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
32
0.00 %   
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
29
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
29
0.00 %   
40
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
  • The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
  
  • Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
  • Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing   
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Slightly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
In Bone
0.08 p.p.m.   
24
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
920.00 °C   
99+
1,072.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,469.00 °C   
18
1,900.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa   
30
441.00 MPa   
27
Vickers Hardness
360.00 MPa   
26
412.00 MPa   
24
Speed of Sound
2,475.00 m/s   
37
2,130.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
La   
Sm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
30   
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10   
99+
1.17   
40
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08   
31
1.07   
32
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.90   
10
2.83   
14
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol   
99+
544.50 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,067.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,070.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,850.30 kJ/mol   
99+
2,260.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,819.00 kJ/mol   
22
3,990.00 kJ/mol   
37
5th Energy Level
5,940.00 kJ/mol   
25
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.73 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.87 g/amp-hr   
34
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV   
31
2.70 eV   
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
57   
99+
62   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 5d2 6s2   
[Xe] 4f6 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Lanthanum.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
57   
99+
62   
99+
Number of Neutrons
82   
99+
88   
39
Number of Electrons
57   
99+
62   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
187.00 pm   
8
180.00 pm   
14
Covalent Radius
207.00 pm   
6
198.00 pm   
13
Van der Waals Radius
240.00 pm   
13
229.00 pm   
20
Atomic Weight
138.91 amu   
99+
150.36 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
20.73 cm3/mol   
16
19.95 cm3/mol   
19
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Barium
  
Promethium
  
Next Element
Cerium
  
Europium
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.71 (-eV)   
99+
44.80 (-eV)   
37
Lattice Constant
377.20 pm   
28
362.10 pm   
33
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62   
2
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.16 g/cm3   
99+
7.52 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.94 g/cm3   
99+
7.16 g/cm3   
32
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.94 (Pa)   
9
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)   
15
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.30 GPa   
40
19.50 GPa   
34
Bulk Modulus
27.90 GPa   
99+
37.80 GPa   
35
Young's Modulus
36.60 GPa   
99+
49.70 GPa   
37
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.27   
19
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.17   
99+
7.52   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
615.00 nΩ·m   
7
0.94 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
48.00 kJ/mol   
23
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
0.20 J/(kg K)   
31
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K   
21
29.54 J/mol·K   
7
Thermal Conductivity
13.40 W/m·K   
99+
13.30 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)   
32
12.70 µm/(m·K)   
30
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
399.60 kJ/mol   
17
166.40 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.20 kJ/mol   
99+
8.62 kJ/mol   
40
Enthalpy of Atomization
431.00 kJ/mol   
16
209.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
56.90 J/mol.K   
23
69.60 J/mol.K   
15
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