Samarium vs Ytterbium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sm
Yb
Group Number
Not Available
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440199
99+
7440644
26
Space Group Name
R_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
166.00
6
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
- Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
- Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
- Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Discovery
In 1879
In 1878
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %
19
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
37
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
29
0.00 %
33
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
40
0.00 %
37
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
- Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
- Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Slightly Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
22
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,072.00 °C
99+
824.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,900.00 °C
99+
1,196.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
441.00 MPa
27
343.00 MPa
31
Vickers Hardness
412.00 MPa
24
206.00 MPa
33
Speed of Sound
2,130.00 m/s
99+
1,590.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sm
Yb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
30
9
30
9
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.17
40
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
32
1.06
33
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.83
14
Not Available
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol
99+
603.40 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,070.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,174.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,260.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,417.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol
37
4,203.00 kJ/mol
31
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.87 g/amp-hr
34
2.15 g/amp-hr
25
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV
99+
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
62
99+
70
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f6 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
62
99+
70
99+
Number of Neutrons
88
39
103
31
Number of Electrons
62
99+
70
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm
14
176.00 pm
18
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm
13
187.00 pm
20
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm
20
242.00 pm
12
Atomic Weight
150.36 amu
99+
173.05 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
19.95 cm3/mol
19
24.79 cm3/mol
9
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
44.80 (-eV)
37
50.30 (-eV)
27
Lattice Constant
362.10 pm
33
548.47 pm
11
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.52 g/cm3
99+
6.90 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.16 g/cm3
32
6.21 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
58.00 MPa
18
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.94 (Pa)
9
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
19.50 GPa
34
9.90 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
37.80 GPa
35
30.50 GPa
39
Young's Modulus
49.70 GPa
37
23.90 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.27
19
0.21
33
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.52
99+
6.97
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.94 nΩ·m
99+
0.25 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.04 106/cm Ω
38
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)
31
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
Molar Heat Capacity
29.54 J/mol·K
7
26.74 J/mol·K
25
Thermal Conductivity
13.30 W/m·K
99+
38.50 W/m·K
35
Critical Temperature
Not Available
26.30 K
7
Thermal Expansion
12.70 µm/(m·K)
30
26.30 µm/(m·K)
14
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
166.40 kJ/mol
99+
128.90 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.62 kJ/mol
40
7.66 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
209.00 kJ/mol
99+
180.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
69.60 J/mol.K
15
59.90 J/mol.K
21
|
||
|
||
|
