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Samarium vs Ytterbium


Ytterbium vs Samarium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Sm   
Yb   

Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   

Period Number
6   
6   

Block
f block   
f block   

Element Family
Lanthanide   
Lanthanide   

CAS Number
7440199   
99+
7440644   
26

Space Group Name
R_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   

Space Group Number
166.00   
6
225.00   
2

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
  • Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
  
  • Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
  • Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac   

Discovery
In 1879   
In 1878   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %   
19
2 * 10-7 %   
22

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.0000001 %   
26

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
37
0.00 %   
36

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
29
0.00 %   
33

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
40
0.00 %   
37

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
  • Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
  
  • Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Slightly Toxic   
Highly Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   

In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
Not Available   

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,072.00 °C   
99+
824.00 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
1,900.00 °C   
99+
1,196.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   

Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Brinell Hardness
441.00 MPa   
27
343.00 MPa   
31

Vickers Hardness
412.00 MPa   
24
206.00 MPa   
33

Speed of Sound
2,130.00 m/s   
99+
1,590.00 m/s   
99+

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Sm   
Yb   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
30   
9
30   
9

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.17   
40
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.06   
33

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.83   
14
Not Available   

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol   
99+
603.40 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,070.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,174.80 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,260.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,417.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol   
37
4,203.00 kJ/mol   
31

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.87 g/amp-hr   
34
2.15 g/amp-hr   
25

Electron Work Function
2.70 eV   
99+
Not Available   

Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
62   
99+
70   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f6 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 6s2   

Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   

Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
62   
99+
70   
99+

Number of Neutrons
88   
39
103   
31

Number of Electrons
62   
99+
70   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
176.00 pm   
18

Covalent Radius
198.00 pm   
13
187.00 pm   
20

Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm   
20
242.00 pm   
12

Atomic Weight
150.36 amu   
99+
173.05 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
19.95 cm3/mol   
19
24.79 cm3/mol   
9

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Promethium
  
Thulium
  

Next Element
Europium
  
Lutetium
  

Valence Electron Potential
44.80 (-eV)   
37
50.30 (-eV)   
27

Lattice Constant
362.10 pm   
33
548.47 pm   
11

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
7.52 g/cm3   
99+
6.90 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.16 g/cm3   
32
6.21 g/cm3   
99+

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
58.00 MPa   
18

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.94 (Pa)   
9
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
19.50 GPa   
34
9.90 GPa   
99+

Bulk Modulus
37.80 GPa   
35
30.50 GPa   
39

Young's Modulus
49.70 GPa   
37
23.90 GPa   
99+

Poisson Ratio
0.27   
19
0.21   
33

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
7.52   
99+
6.97   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
0.94 nΩ·m   
99+
0.25 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.04 106/cm Ω   
38

Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
50.00 kJ/mol   
21

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)   
31
0.15 J/(kg K)   
36

Molar Heat Capacity
29.54 J/mol·K   
7
26.74 J/mol·K   
25

Thermal Conductivity
13.30 W/m·K   
99+
38.50 W/m·K   
35

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
26.30 K   
7

Thermal Expansion
12.70 µm/(m·K)   
30
26.30 µm/(m·K)   
14

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
166.40 kJ/mol   
99+
128.90 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
8.62 kJ/mol   
40
7.66 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Atomization
209.00 kJ/mol   
99+
180.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
69.60 J/mol.K   
15
59.90 J/mol.K   
21

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