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Samarium vs Promethium

Samarium
Promethium
Promethium vs Samarium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sm   
Pm   
Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440199   
99+
7440122   
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m   
Not Available   
Space Group Number
166.00   
6
Not Available   
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
  • Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
  
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
Discovery
In 1879   
In 1942   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %   
19
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
37
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
29
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
40
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
  • Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
  
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Slightly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,072.00 °C   
99+
1,042.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,900.00 °C   
99+
3,000.00 °C   
31
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Unknown   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
441.00 MPa   
27
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
412.00 MPa   
24
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,130.00 m/s   
99+
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sm   
Pm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30   
9
27   
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.17   
40
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.07   
32
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.83   
14
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol   
99+
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,070.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,260.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol   
37
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.87 g/amp-hr   
34
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV   
99+
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
62   
99+
61   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f6 6s2   
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
62   
99+
61   
99+
Number of Neutrons
88   
39
84   
40
Number of Electrons
62   
99+
61   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
183.00 pm   
10
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm   
13
199.00 pm   
12
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm   
20
236.00 pm   
16
Atomic Weight
150.36 amu   
99+
145.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
19.95 cm3/mol   
19
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Promethium
  
Neodymium
  
Next Element
Europium
  
Samarium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.80 (-eV)   
37
44.10 (-eV)   
39
Lattice Constant
362.10 pm   
33
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Unknown   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.52 g/cm3   
99+
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.16 g/cm3   
32
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.94 (Pa)   
9
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
19.50 GPa   
34
18.00 GPa   
36
Bulk Modulus
37.80 GPa   
35
33.00 GPa   
36
Young's Modulus
49.70 GPa   
37
46.00 GPa   
38
Poisson Ratio
0.27   
19
0.28   
17
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.52   
99+
7.26   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.94 nΩ·m   
99+
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)   
31
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
Molar Heat Capacity
29.54 J/mol·K   
7
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
13.30 W/m·K   
99+
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
12.70 µm/(m·K)   
30
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
166.40 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.62 kJ/mol   
40
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
209.00 kJ/mol   
99+
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
Standard Molar Entropy
69.60 J/mol.K   
15
Not Available   
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