Symbol
Cd
  
Os
  
Period Number
5
  
6
  
Block
d block
  
d block
  
Element Family
Transition Metal
  
Transition Metal
  
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
  
P63/mmc
  
Interesting Facts
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
  
Smithson Tennant
  
Discovery
In 1817
  
In 1803
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000006 %
  
21
~0.0000002 %
  
25
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
  
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
-
Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
-
It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
Alloys
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic
  
Highly Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
No
  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
  
24
Not Available
  
In Bone
1.80 p.p.m.
  
15
Not Available
  
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
  
Silvery Bluish-Gray
  
Luster
Metallic
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa
  
1
Speed of Sound
2,310.00 m/s
  
39
4,940.00 m/s
  
11
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Cd
  
Os
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol
  
11
840.00 kJ/mol
  
12
2nd Energy Level
1,631.40 kJ/mol
  
32
1,309.80 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,616.00 kJ/mol
  
13
1,600.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr
  
27
1.77 g/amp-hr
  
38
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
  
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100
  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Covalent Radius
Not Available
  
Atomic Weight
112.41 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol
  
39
8.49 cm3/mol
  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
30.00 (-eV)
  
99+
91.40 (-eV)
  
12
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.65 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa
  
4
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Young's Modulus
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
  
Ductile
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
  
Conductor
  
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω
  
15
0.11 106/cm Ω
  
18
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
  
40
106.10 kJ/mol
  
9
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
  
26
0.13 J/(kg K)
  
39
Molar Heat Capacity
26.02 J/mol·K
  
32
24.70 J/mol·K
  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
96.60 W/m·K
  
16
87.60 W/m·K
  
19
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
30.80 µm/(m·K)
  
10
5.10 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
100.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol
  
7
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.19 kJ/mol
  
99+
29.30 kJ/mol
  
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
113.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
669.00 kJ/mol
  
6
Standard Molar Entropy
51.80 J/mol.K
  
27
32.60 J/mol.K
  
99+