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Radium vs Osmium

Radium
Osmium
Osmium vs Radium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra  
Os  
Group Number
2  
16
8  
10
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440144  
99+
7440042  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Smithson Tennant  
Discovery
In 1898  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
34
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
700.00 °C  
99+
3,045.00 °C  
3
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C  
99+
5,027.00 °C  
6
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.00  
22
7.00  
3
Brinell Hardness
700.00 MPa  
17
3,490.00 MPa  
1
Vickers Hardness
140.00 MPa  
99+
3,920.00 MPa  
1
Speed of Sound
3,150.00 m/s  
37
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
2.07  
12
Reflectivity
83.00 %  
6
80.00 %  
7
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ra  
Os  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97  
39
1.52  
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92  
99+
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10  
5
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,093.00 kJ/mol  
27
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
6th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
7th Energy level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
8th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
11th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
12th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
14th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
16th Energy Level
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
18th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
19th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
20th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
21st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
22nd Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
23rd Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
25th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
26th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
27th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
28th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
29th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
30th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr  
6
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
4.83 eV  
13
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
88  
30
76  
40
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
88  
30
76  
39
Number of Neutrons
138  
17
114  
26
Number of Electrons
88  
30
76  
39
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm  
6
133.80 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm  
3
128.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm  
5
216.00 pm  
30
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu  
26
190.23 amu  
35
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol  
5
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Francium
  
Rhenium
  
Next Element
Actinium
  
Iridium
  
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)  
99+
91.40 (-eV)  
12
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm  
15
273.44 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
99+
1.58  
37
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
22.59 g/cm3  
9
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
20.00 g/cm3  
11
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
1,000.00 MPa  
4
Viscosity
0.00  
2
0.00  
3
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
33
0.00 (Pa)  
39
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
25.00 GPa  
38
222.00 GPa  
1
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa  
33
462.00 GPa  
1
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
25
528.00 GPa  
1
Poisson Ratio
0.31  
13
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.00  
99+
22.57  
11
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
18
0.00  
17
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m  
31
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
Electron Affinity
0.90 kJ/mol  
99+
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
20.05 J/mol·K  
99+
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K  
99+
87.60 W/m·K  
19
Critical Temperature
973.00 K  
99+
3,300.00 K  
3
Thermal Expansion
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.60 kJ/mol  
99+
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol  
99+
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K  
14
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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