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Osmium vs Rubidium

Osmium
Rubidium
Rubidium vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os  
Rb  
Group Number
8  
10
1  
17
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7440042  
99+
7440177  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Obtained from Lithium Production.  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant  
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1861  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3  
7
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
5.00 p.p.m.  
13
Physical
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C  
3
38.89 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C  
6
688.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Grayish White  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00  
3
0.30  
26
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa  
1
0.22 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
3,920.00 MPa  
1
0.22 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s  
15
1,300.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.07  
12
1.54  
35
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
7
52.00 %  
29
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Os  
Rb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
0.82  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
0.31  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52  
13
0.89  
99+
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
0.69  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
0.71  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
3.18  
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2,633.00 kJ/mol  
6
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,860.00 kJ/mol  
11
4th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,080.00 kJ/mol  
28
5th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
6,850.00 kJ/mol  
31
6th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
8,140.00 kJ/mol  
31
7th Energy level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
9,570.00 kJ/mol  
20
8th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
13,120.00 kJ/mol  
17
9th Energy Level
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,500.00 kJ/mol  
18
10th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
26,740.00 kJ/mol  
6
11th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
40,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
40,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.19 g/amp-hr  
16
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV  
13
2.16 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
76  
40
37  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
[Kr] 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76  
39
37  
99+
Number of Neutrons
114  
26
48  
99+
Number of Electrons
76  
39
37  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm  
99+
248.00 pm  
3
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
220.00 pm  
4
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm  
30
303.00 pm  
4
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu  
35
85.47 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
55.90 cm3/mol  
3
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Gallium
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Strontium
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)  
12
9.47 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm  
99+
558.50 pm  
11
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
37
1.59  
28
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3  
9
1.53 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3  
11
1.46 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa  
4
30.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
3
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
39
0.00 (Pa)  
35
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa  
1
2.50 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa  
1
2.50 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa  
1
2.40 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
24
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57  
11
1.53  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
11
Susceptibility
0.00  
17
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
128.00 nΩ·m  
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
0.08 106/cm Ω  
29
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
46.90 kJ/mol  
29
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.36 J/(kg K)  
17
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
31.06 J/mol·K  
7
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K  
19
58.20 W/m·K  
26
Critical Temperature
3,300.00 K  
3
2,093.00 K  
18
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
90.00 µm/(m·K)  
2
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
69.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
2.19 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
82.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
76.80 J/mol.K  
5
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