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Osmium vs Rubidium

Osmium
Rubidium
Rubidium vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os   
Rb   
Group Number
8   
10
1   
17
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
d block   
s block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Alkali   
CAS Number
7440042   
99+
7440177   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Obtained from Lithium Production.   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant   
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   
Discovery
In 1803   
In 1861   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %   
21
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.000003 %   
17
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
28
0.00 %   
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
18
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
7
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3   
7
In Bone
Not Available   
5.00 p.p.m.   
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C   
3
38.89 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C   
6
688.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Grayish White   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00   
3
0.30   
24
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa   
1
0.22 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
1,300.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os   
Rb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
0.82   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.31   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52   
12
0.89   
40
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.69   
24
Allen Electronegativity
1.65   
19
0.71   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
3.18   
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol   
12
403.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2,633.00 kJ/mol   
6
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,860.00 kJ/mol   
11
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,080.00 kJ/mol   
18
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,850.00 kJ/mol   
19
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,140.00 kJ/mol   
20
7th Energy level
Not Available   
9,570.00 kJ/mol   
20
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,120.00 kJ/mol   
17
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,500.00 kJ/mol   
18
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,740.00 kJ/mol   
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr   
38
3.19 g/amp-hr   
14
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV   
8
2.16 eV   
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76   
40
37   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2   
[Kr] 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76   
39
37   
99+
Number of Neutrons
114   
25
48   
99+
Number of Electrons
76   
39
37   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm   
99+
248.00 pm   
2
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
220.00 pm   
4
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm   
24
303.00 pm   
3
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu   
35
85.47 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol   
99+
55.90 cm3/mol   
2
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Gallium
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Strontium
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)   
12
9.47 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm   
99+
558.50 pm   
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
14
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3   
9
1.53 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3   
1
1.46 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa   
4
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
28
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa   
1
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa   
1
2.50 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
2.40 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.25   
24
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57   
2
1.53   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m   
35
128.00 nΩ·m   
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω   
18
0.08 106/cm Ω   
24
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol   
9
46.90 kJ/mol   
24
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.36 J/(kg K)   
17
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K   
99+
31.06 J/mol·K   
5
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K   
19
58.20 W/m·K   
26
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
2,093.00 K   
4
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)   
99+
90.00 µm/(m·K)   
2
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol   
7
69.20 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol   
4
2.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol   
6
82.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
76.80 J/mol.K   
5
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