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Rubidium vs Osmium

Rubidium
Osmium
Osmium vs Rubidium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rb  
Os  
Group Number
1  
17
8  
10
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440177  
99+
7440042  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
Sources
Obtained from Lithium Production.  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff  
Smithson Tennant  
Discovery
In 1861  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
18
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
7
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3  
7
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
5.00 p.p.m.  
13
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
38.89 °C  
99+
3,045.00 °C  
3
Boiling Point
688.00 °C  
99+
5,027.00 °C  
6
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.30  
26
7.00  
3
Brinell Hardness
0.22 MPa  
99+
3,490.00 MPa  
1
Vickers Hardness
0.22 MPa  
99+
3,920.00 MPa  
1
Speed of Sound
1,300.00 m/s  
99+
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.54  
35
2.07  
12
Reflectivity
52.00 %  
29
80.00 %  
7
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Rb  
Os  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82  
99+
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.31  
99+
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
1.52  
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.69  
99+
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
0.71  
99+
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18  
3
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
2nd Energy Level
2,633.00 kJ/mol  
6
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,860.00 kJ/mol  
11
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,080.00 kJ/mol  
28
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,850.00 kJ/mol  
31
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
6th Energy Level
8,140.00 kJ/mol  
31
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
7th Energy level
9,570.00 kJ/mol  
20
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
8th Energy Level
13,120.00 kJ/mol  
17
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
9th Energy Level
14,500.00 kJ/mol  
18
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
26,740.00 kJ/mol  
6
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
11th Energy Level
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
12th Energy Level
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
14th Energy Level
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
40,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
16th Energy Level
40,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
18th Energy Level
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
19th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
20th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
21st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
22nd Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
23rd Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
25th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
26th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
27th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
28th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
29th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
30th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.19 g/amp-hr  
16
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.16 eV  
99+
4.83 eV  
13
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
37  
99+
76  
40
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
37  
99+
76  
39
Number of Neutrons
48  
99+
114  
26
Number of Electrons
37  
99+
76  
39
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
248.00 pm  
3
133.80 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
220.00 pm  
4
128.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
303.00 pm  
4
216.00 pm  
30
Atomic Weight
85.47 amu  
99+
190.23 amu  
35
Atomic Volume
55.90 cm3/mol  
3
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gallium
  
Rhenium
  
Next Element
Strontium
  
Iridium
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.47 (-eV)  
99+
91.40 (-eV)  
12
Lattice Constant
558.50 pm  
11
273.44 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
28
1.58  
37
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.53 g/cm3  
99+
22.59 g/cm3  
9
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.46 g/cm3  
99+
20.00 g/cm3  
11
Tensile Strength
30.00 MPa  
99+
1,000.00 MPa  
4
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
3
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
35
0.00 (Pa)  
39
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
2.50 GPa  
99+
222.00 GPa  
1
Bulk Modulus
2.50 GPa  
99+
462.00 GPa  
1
Young's Modulus
2.40 GPa  
99+
528.00 GPa  
1
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.53  
99+
22.57  
11
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
11
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
17
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
128.00 nΩ·m  
26
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω  
29
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
Electron Affinity
46.90 kJ/mol  
29
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.36 J/(kg K)  
17
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
31.06 J/mol·K  
7
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
58.20 W/m·K  
26
87.60 W/m·K  
19
Critical Temperature
2,093.00 K  
18
3,300.00 K  
3
Thermal Expansion
90.00 µm/(m·K)  
2
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
69.20 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.19 kJ/mol  
99+
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
82.00 kJ/mol  
99+
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
Standard Molar Entropy
76.80 J/mol.K  
5
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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