Osmium vs Cesium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Os
Cs
Group Number
8
10
1
17
Period Number
6
6
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkali
CAS Number
7440042
99+
7440462
40
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
Not Available
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Discovery
In 1803
In 1860
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %
21
8 * 10-8 %
24
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.0000008 %
20
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
28
0.00 %
38
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
35
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
17
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
- The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
- In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Mildly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
28
In Bone
Not Available
0.05 p.p.m.
26
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C
3
28.50 °C
99+
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C
6
678.40 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Silvery Gold
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.00
3
0.20
25
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa
1
0.14 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s
11
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os
Cs
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
36
3
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
0.79
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.22
33
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52
12
0.86
99+
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
0.62
26
Allen Electronegativity
1.65
19
0.66
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
3.21
2
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol
12
375.70 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
2,234.30 kJ/mol
8
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,400.00 kJ/mol
16
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr
38
4.96 g/amp-hr
3
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV
8
2.14 eV
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76
40
55
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
[Xe] 6s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
76
39
55
99+
Number of Neutrons
114
25
78
99+
Number of Electrons
76
39
55
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm
99+
265.00 pm
1
Covalent Radius
Not Available
244.00 pm
2
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm
24
343.00 pm
2
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu
35
132.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol
99+
71.07 cm3/mol
1
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)
12
8.62 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm
99+
614.10 pm
5
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
14
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3
9
1.93 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3
1
1.84 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa
4
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
28
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa
1
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa
1
1.60 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
Not Available
1.70 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.25
24
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
22.57
2
1.87
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m
35
205.00 nΩ·m
17
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
18
0.05 106/cm Ω
35
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol
9
45.50 kJ/mol
25
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.24 J/(kg K)
23
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K
99+
32.21 J/mol·K
4
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K
19
35.90 W/m·K
36
Critical Temperature
Not Available
1,938.00 K
5
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)
99+
97.00 µm/(m·K)
1
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol
7
65.90 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol
4
2.10 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol
6
78.20 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K
99+
85.20 J/mol.K
3
|
||
|
||
|
