Polonium vs Francium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Po
Fr
Group Number
16
2
1
17
Period Number
6
7
Block
p block
s block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Alkali
CAS Number
7440086
99+
7440735
18
Space Group Name
Pm-3m
Not Available
Space Group Number
221.00
3
Not Available
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
- 223 Francium has the longest half life at 21.8.
- Francium metal is produced by alpha decay in 227Actinium 227.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Formed by Decay Process, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Marguerite Perey
Discovery
In 1898
In 1939
Abundance
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
- Francium has no known uses as it has a half life of only 22 minutes.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
NA
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
254.00 °C
99+
27.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
962.00 °C
99+
677.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
NA
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Speed of Sound
Not Available
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
α-polonium
Not Available
β Allotropes
β-polonium
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Po
Fr
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
29
10
33
6
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00
7
0.70
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76
2
0.86
99+
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48
1
0.68
25
Allen Electronegativity
2.19
2
0.67
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00
99+
3.30
1
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol
14
380.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr
8
8.32 g/amp-hr
1
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
84
32
87
31
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
[Rn] 7s1
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
84
32
87
31
Number of Neutrons
125
19
136
17
Number of Electrons
84
32
87
31
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm
23
Not Available
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm
99+
260.00 pm
1
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm
29
348.00 pm
1
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu
28
223.00 amu
27
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol
13
Not Available
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available
8.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm
99+
Not Available
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3
99+
1.87 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3
19
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.32
31
Not Available
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m
99+
3.00 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.03 106/cm Ω
40
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Not Available
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K
28
Not Available
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K
99+
15.00 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)
16
Not Available
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol
26
Not Available
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol
99+
71.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
Not Available
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