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Vanadium vs Tungsten

Vanadium
Tungsten
Tungsten vs Vanadium


Periodic Table
Symbol
V  
W  
Group Number
5  
13
6  
12
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440622  
27
7440337  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
1
229.00  
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Andrés Manuel del Río  
Not Available  
Discovery
In 1801  
In 1781  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-4 %  
10
5 * 10-8 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
~0.00004 %  
13
~0.0000004 %  
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %  
14
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.02 %  
12
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
16
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
36
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
31
0.00 p.p.m.  
35
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,890.00 °C  
13
3,410.00 °C  
1
Boiling Point
3,380.00 °C  
20
5,660.00 °C  
1
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Blue-Silver Grey  
Grayish White  
Luster
Metallic  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.70  
4
7.50  
2
Brinell Hardness
600.00 MPa  
20
2,000.00 MPa  
4
Vickers Hardness
628.00 MPa  
17
3,430.00 MPa  
1
Speed of Sound
4,560.00 m/s  
17
4,620.00 m/s  
16
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
61.00 %  
14
62.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
V  
W  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
22  
17
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.63  
20
2.36  
2
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.39  
17
0.98  
23
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45  
16
1.40  
19
Allen Electronegativity
1.53  
26
1.47  
29
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.37  
34
1.64  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
16
2nd Energy Level
1,414.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
3rd Energy Level
2,830.00 kJ/mol  
35
Not Available  
4th Energy Level
4,507.00 kJ/mol  
25
Not Available  
5th Energy Level
6,298.70 kJ/mol  
23
Not Available  
6th Energy Level
12,363.00 kJ/mol  
5
Not Available  
7th Energy level
14,530.00 kJ/mol  
5
Not Available  
8th Energy Level
16,730.00 kJ/mol  
7
Not Available  
9th Energy Level
19,860.00 kJ/mol  
7
Not Available  
10th Energy Level
22,240.00 kJ/mol  
12
Not Available  
11th Energy Level
24,670.00 kJ/mol  
15
Not Available  
12th Energy Level
29,730.00 kJ/mol  
12
Not Available  
13th Energy Level
32,446.00 kJ/mol  
12
Not Available  
14th Energy Level
86,450.00 kJ/mol  
1
Not Available  
15th Energy Level
94,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
Not Available  
16th Energy Level
102,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
Not Available  
17th Energy Level
112,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
Not Available  
18th Energy Level
121,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
Not Available  
19th Energy Level
130,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
Not Available  
20th Energy Level
143,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
Not Available  
21st Energy Level
151,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.38 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
18
4.55 eV  
13
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
23  
99+
74  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d3 4s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
23  
99+
74  
99+
Number of Neutrons
28  
99+
110  
27
Number of Electrons
23  
99+
74  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
39
Covalent Radius
153.00 pm  
33
162.00 pm  
29
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
28
200.00 pm  
28
Atomic Weight
50.94 amu  
99+
183.84 amu  
37
Atomic Volume
8.78 cm3/mol  
99+
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Titanium
  
Tantalum
  
Next Element
Chromium
  
Rhenium
  
Valence Electron Potential
120.00 (-eV)  
6
140.00 (-eV)  
5
Lattice Constant
303.00 pm  
99+
316.52 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.00 g/cm3  
99+
19.25 g/cm3  
16
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
17.60 g/cm3  
5
Tensile Strength
800.00 MPa  
6
370.00 MPa  
10
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.23 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
32
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
47.00 GPa  
16
161.00 GPa  
5
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa  
11
310.00 GPa  
4
Young's Modulus
128.00 GPa  
15
411.00 GPa  
4
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.28  
17
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.96  
99+
19.22  
9
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
197.00 nΩ·m  
19
52.80 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
35
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol  
20
78.60 kJ/mol  
13
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.49 J/(kg K)  
10
0.13 J/(kg K)  
39
Molar Heat Capacity
24.89 J/mol·K  
99+
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
30.70 W/m·K  
39
173.00 W/m·K  
7
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
8.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
4.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
458.60 kJ/mol  
14
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Atomization
514.60 kJ/mol  
13
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
Standard Molar Entropy
28.90 J/mol.K  
99+
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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