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Rhodium vs Tantalum

Rhodium
Tantalum
Tantalum vs Rhodium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rh  
Ta  
Group Number
9  
9
5  
13
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440166  
99+
7440257  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
  • Tantalum metal is known as corrosion resistance.
  • Tantalum metal can easily fabricated and It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
Anders Gustaf Ekeberg  
Discovery
In 1804  
In 1802  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
37
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
31
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
  • Tantalum metal is mainly used in the manufacturing of electron components. Its Oxide layer acts as an insulator.
  • Tantalum metal is also used in surgical transplant like replacement of bone, skull plates and as a woven gauze.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.03 p.p.m.  
33
Physical
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C  
12
2,996.00 °C  
4
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C  
17
5,425.00 °C  
4
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray Blue  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
6.50  
5
Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa  
10
440.00 MPa  
33
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa  
15
870.00 MPa  
19
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s  
19
3,400.00 m/s  
33
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
2.15  
10
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
5
78.00 %  
8
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Rh  
Ta  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
4
1.50  
28
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.28  
5
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45  
17
1.33  
23
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.28  
4
1.50  
26
Allen Electronegativity
1.56  
27
1.34  
38
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
2.50  
27
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
761.00 kJ/mol  
18
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
27
1,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
11
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
9
5th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
26
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
19
6th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
40
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
36
7th Energy level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
35
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
8th Energy Level
3,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
26
10th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
33
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
11th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
29
12th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
27
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
22
14th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
21
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
19
15th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
23
76,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
16th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
76,100.00 kJ/mol  
14
17th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
39
761.00 kJ/mol  
35
18th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
29
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
25
19th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
36
761.00 kJ/mol  
32
20th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
30
761.00 kJ/mol  
26
21st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
24
761.00 kJ/mol  
20
23rd Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
25th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
26th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
27th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
22
761.00 kJ/mol  
15
28th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
28
761.00 kJ/mol  
21
29th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
761.00 kJ/mol  
22
30th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.35 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV  
10
4.25 eV  
28
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
45  
99+
73  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
45  
99+
73  
99+
Number of Neutrons
58  
99+
108  
29
Number of Electrons
45  
99+
73  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
146.00 pm  
37
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm  
99+
170.00 pm  
27
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu  
99+
180.95 amu  
38
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
10.90 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ruthenium
  
Hafnium
  
Next Element
Palladium
  
Tungsten
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)  
22
110.00 (-eV)  
7
Lattice Constant
380.34 pm  
30
330.13 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.73  
7
1.41  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3  
30
16.69 g/cm3  
18
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3  
35
15.00 g/cm3  
23
Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa  
5
180.00 MPa  
20
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)  
19
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa  
6
69.00 GPa  
13
Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa  
5
200.00 GPa  
8
Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa  
5
186.00 GPa  
14
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.41  
32
16.65  
20
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
27
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
131.00 nΩ·m  
25
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
0.08 106/cm Ω  
32
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol  
8
31.00 kJ/mol  
35
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K  
9
57.50 W/m·K  
27
Critical Temperature
2,237.00 K  
13
3,290.00 K  
4
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
6.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol  
16
753.10 kJ/mol  
2
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
31.40 kJ/mol  
3
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol  
16
782.00 kJ/mol  
3
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
41.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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