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Mercury vs Cobalt

Mercury
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Mercury


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg   
Co   
Group Number
12   
6
9   
9
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439976   
99+
7440484   
38
Space Group Name
R_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
166.00   
6
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Georg Brandt   
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE   
In 1732   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0004 %   
9
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.06 %   
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %   
9
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
20
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3   
18
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
0.04 p.p.m.   
27
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available   
1,495.00 °C   
29
Boiling Point
356.58 °C   
99+
2,870.00 °C   
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
5.00   
8
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
470.00 MPa   
26
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,043.00 MPa   
11
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
4,720.00 m/s   
14
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00   
3
Not Available   
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
67.00 %   
11
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-Cobalt   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-Cobalt   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg   
Co   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34   
5
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
1.88   
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20   
7
2.56   
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.70   
5
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81   
9
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.44   
30
1.84   
10
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
2.12   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
760.40 kJ/mol   
19
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
1,648.00 kJ/mol   
31
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
3,232.00 kJ/mol   
22
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,950.00 kJ/mol   
19
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,670.00 kJ/mol   
12
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,840.00 kJ/mol   
12
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,440.00 kJ/mol   
11
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,230.00 kJ/mol   
12
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,959.00 kJ/mol   
13
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,570.00 kJ/mol   
7
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
32,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
36,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
39,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,800.00 kJ/mol   
12
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
49,396.00 kJ/mol   
11
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,737.00 kJ/mol   
13
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,810.00 kJ/mol   
1
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
145,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
154,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
167,400.00 kJ/mol   
4
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
178,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
189,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV   
15
5.00 eV   
5
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80   
36
22   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
[Ar] 3d2 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80   
36
22   
99+
Number of Neutrons
121   
22
26   
99+
Number of Electrons
80   
36
22   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
147.00 pm   
34
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm   
99+
160.00 pm   
30
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm   
99+
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu   
32
47.87 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
10.64 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
95.20 (-eV)   
10
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm   
99+
295.08 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3   
24
4.51 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
4.11 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
434.00 MPa   
9
Viscosity
0.00   
1
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.98 (Pa)   
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
44.00 GPa   
17
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
110.00 GPa   
15
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
116.00 GPa   
18
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.32   
12
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53   
16
4,500.00   
1
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
420.00 nΩ·m   
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
7.60 kJ/mol   
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
0.52 J/(kg K)   
9
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
25.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
21.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K   
6
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
8.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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