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Mercury vs Cobalt

Mercury
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Mercury


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg  
Co  
Group Number
12  
6
9  
9
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439976  
99+
7440484  
38
Space Group Name
R_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
Georg Brandt  
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE  
In 1732  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.09 %  
2
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.06 %  
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %  
9
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.  
23
0.04 p.p.m.  
32
Physical
Melting Point
-38.83 °C  
99+
1,495.00 °C  
29
Boiling Point
356.58 °C  
99+
2,870.00 °C  
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa  
99+
470.00 MPa  
31
Vickers Hardness
0.00 MPa  
99+
1,043.00 MPa  
18
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
4,720.00 m/s  
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
10
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-Cobalt  
β Allotropes
-  
β-Cobalt  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Hg  
Co  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
8
1.88  
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
2.56  
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.70  
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81  
17
1.88  
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.44  
34
1.84  
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.12  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
21
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
32
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
4th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
29
5th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
18
6th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
18
7th Energy level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
8th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
9th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
10th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
11th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
12th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
13th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
14th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
15th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
24
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
18th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
19th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
20
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
20th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
11
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
21st Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
33
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
22nd Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
8
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
23rd Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
36
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
24th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
25th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
26th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
27th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
2
760.40 kJ/mol  
16
28th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
5
760.40 kJ/mol  
22
29th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
6
760.40 kJ/mol  
23
30th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV  
20
5.00 eV  
9
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
80  
36
22  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80  
36
22  
99+
Number of Neutrons
121  
23
26  
99+
Number of Electrons
80  
36
22  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
147.00 pm  
36
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
160.00 pm  
32
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu  
32
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol  
99+
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
95.20 (-eV)  
10
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm  
99+
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.42  
99+
1.26  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3  
25
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.55 g/cm3  
27
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
434.00 MPa  
10
Viscosity
0.00  
4
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.98 (Pa)  
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
25.00 GPa  
99+
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa  
99+
116.00 GPa  
20
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53  
27
4,500.00  
1
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
20
0.00  
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
39
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K  
16
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K  
33
1,768.00 K  
32
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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