Cobalt vs Zinc
Periodic Table
Symbol
Co
Zn
Group Number
9
9
12
6
Period Number
4
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440484
38
7440666
24
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
- Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
- It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
Sources
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Georg Brandt
Indian metallurgists
Discovery
In 1732
Before 1000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %
9
3 * 10-5 %
11
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %
9
~0.0002 %
10
Abundance In Meteorites
0.06 %
10
0.02 %
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
21
0.01 %
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
20
0.00 %
10
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
17
0.00 %
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
- Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
- It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
- It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3
18
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3
6
In Bone
0.04 p.p.m.
27
170.00 p.p.m.
6
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,495.00 °C
29
419.58 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,870.00 °C
34
907.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.00
8
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
470.00 MPa
26
327.00 MPa
32
Vickers Hardness
1,043.00 MPa
11
Not Available
Speed of Sound
4,720.00 m/s
14
3,850.00 m/s
18
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.00
2
Reflectivity
67.00 %
11
80.00 %
5
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
α-Cobalt
Not Available
β Allotropes
β-Cobalt
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Co
Zn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26
13
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.88
12
1.65
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.56
1
2.23
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.70
5
1.66
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.65
11
Allen Electronegativity
1.84
10
1.59
22
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.12
99+
2.35
35
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol
19
906.40 kJ/mol
6
2nd Energy Level
1,648.00 kJ/mol
31
1,733.30 kJ/mol
27
3rd Energy Level
3,232.00 kJ/mol
22
3,833.00 kJ/mol
12
4th Energy Level
4,950.00 kJ/mol
19
5,731.00 kJ/mol
11
5th Energy Level
7,670.00 kJ/mol
12
7,970.00 kJ/mol
9
6th Energy Level
9,840.00 kJ/mol
12
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
7th Energy level
12,440.00 kJ/mol
11
12,900.00 kJ/mol
9
8th Energy Level
15,230.00 kJ/mol
12
16,800.00 kJ/mol
6
9th Energy Level
17,959.00 kJ/mol
13
19,600.00 kJ/mol
8
10th Energy Level
26,570.00 kJ/mol
7
23,000.00 kJ/mol
10
11th Energy Level
29,400.00 kJ/mol
8
26,400.00 kJ/mol
11
12th Energy Level
32,400.00 kJ/mol
8
29,990.00 kJ/mol
11
13th Energy Level
36,600.00 kJ/mol
8
40,490.00 kJ/mol
5
14th Energy Level
39,700.00 kJ/mol
9
43,800.00 kJ/mol
6
15th Energy Level
42,800.00 kJ/mol
12
47,300.00 kJ/mol
8
16th Energy Level
49,396.00 kJ/mol
11
52,300.00 kJ/mol
9
17th Energy Level
52,737.00 kJ/mol
13
55,900.00 kJ/mol
10
18th Energy Level
134,810.00 kJ/mol
1
59,700.00 kJ/mol
11
19th Energy Level
145,170.00 kJ/mol
2
67,300.00 kJ/mol
10
20th Energy Level
154,700.00 kJ/mol
4
171,200.00 kJ/mol
1
21st Energy Level
167,400.00 kJ/mol
4
179,100.00 kJ/mol
1
22nd Energy Level
178,100.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
23rd Energy Level
189,300.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr
99+
1.22 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
5.00 eV
5
4.33 eV
17
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
22
99+
30
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
22
99+
30
99+
Number of Neutrons
26
99+
35
99+
Number of Electrons
22
99+
30
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm
34
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm
30
122.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
139.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu
99+
65.38 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol
99+
9.20 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)
10
38.90 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm
99+
266.49 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3
99+
7.14 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3
99+
6.57 g/cm3
37
Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa
9
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)
14
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa
17
43.00 GPa
18
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa
15
70.00 GPa
19
Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa
18
108.00 GPa
19
Poisson Ratio
0.32
12
0.25
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
4,500.00
1
6.90
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m
12
59.00 nΩ·m
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.17 106/cm Ω
12
Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol
37
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)
9
0.39 J/(kg K)
14
Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K
99+
25.47 J/mol·K
39
Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K
99+
116.00 W/m·K
14
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
30.20 µm/(m·K)
11
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol
15
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol
19
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol
15
129.70 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
41.60 J/mol.K
36
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