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Cobalt vs Zinc

Cobalt
Zinc
Zinc vs Cobalt


Periodic Table
Symbol
Co   
Zn   
Group Number
9   
9
12   
6
Period Number
4   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440484   
38
7440666   
24
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
Sources
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Georg Brandt   
Indian metallurgists   
Discovery
In 1732   
Before 1000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %   
9
3 * 10-5 %   
11
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %   
9
~0.0002 %   
10
Abundance In Meteorites
0.06 %   
10
0.02 %   
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
21
0.01 %   
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
20
0.00 %   
10
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
17
0.00 %   
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3   
18
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
6
In Bone
0.04 p.p.m.   
27
170.00 p.p.m.   
6
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,495.00 °C   
29
419.58 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,870.00 °C   
34
907.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00   
8
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
470.00 MPa   
26
327.00 MPa   
32
Vickers Hardness
1,043.00 MPa   
11
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
4,720.00 m/s   
14
3,850.00 m/s   
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.00   
2
Reflectivity
67.00 %   
11
80.00 %   
5
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
α-Cobalt   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
β-Cobalt   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Co   
Zn   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26   
13
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.88   
12
1.65   
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.56   
1
2.23   
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.70   
5
1.66   
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.65   
11
Allen Electronegativity
1.84   
10
1.59   
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.12   
99+
2.35   
35
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol   
19
906.40 kJ/mol   
6
2nd Energy Level
1,648.00 kJ/mol   
31
1,733.30 kJ/mol   
27
3rd Energy Level
3,232.00 kJ/mol   
22
3,833.00 kJ/mol   
12
4th Energy Level
4,950.00 kJ/mol   
19
5,731.00 kJ/mol   
11
5th Energy Level
7,670.00 kJ/mol   
12
7,970.00 kJ/mol   
9
6th Energy Level
9,840.00 kJ/mol   
12
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
7th Energy level
12,440.00 kJ/mol   
11
12,900.00 kJ/mol   
9
8th Energy Level
15,230.00 kJ/mol   
12
16,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
9th Energy Level
17,959.00 kJ/mol   
13
19,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
10th Energy Level
26,570.00 kJ/mol   
7
23,000.00 kJ/mol   
10
11th Energy Level
29,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
26,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
12th Energy Level
32,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
29,990.00 kJ/mol   
11
13th Energy Level
36,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
40,490.00 kJ/mol   
5
14th Energy Level
39,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
43,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
15th Energy Level
42,800.00 kJ/mol   
12
47,300.00 kJ/mol   
8
16th Energy Level
49,396.00 kJ/mol   
11
52,300.00 kJ/mol   
9
17th Energy Level
52,737.00 kJ/mol   
13
55,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
18th Energy Level
134,810.00 kJ/mol   
1
59,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
19th Energy Level
145,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
67,300.00 kJ/mol   
10
20th Energy Level
154,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
171,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
21st Energy Level
167,400.00 kJ/mol   
4
179,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
22nd Energy Level
178,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
23rd Energy Level
189,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.22 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
5.00 eV   
5
4.33 eV   
17
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
22   
99+
30   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2   
[Ar] 3d10 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
22   
99+
30   
99+
Number of Neutrons
26   
99+
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
22   
99+
30   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm   
34
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm   
30
122.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
139.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
65.38 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol   
99+
9.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iron
  
Copper
  
Next Element
Nickel
  
Gallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)   
10
38.90 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm   
99+
266.49 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3   
99+
7.14 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3   
99+
6.57 g/cm3   
37
Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa   
9
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)   
14
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa   
17
43.00 GPa   
18
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa   
15
70.00 GPa   
19
Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa   
18
108.00 GPa   
19
Poisson Ratio
0.32   
12
0.25   
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4,500.00   
1
6.90   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m   
12
59.00 nΩ·m   
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.17 106/cm Ω   
12
Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol   
37
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)   
9
0.39 J/(kg K)   
14
Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K   
99+
25.47 J/mol·K   
39
Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K   
99+
116.00 W/m·K   
14
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
30.20 µm/(m·K)   
11
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
129.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
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