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Zinc vs Cobalt

Zinc
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Zinc


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zn  
Co  
Group Number
12  
6
9  
9
Period Number
4  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440666  
24
7440484  
38
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Indian metallurgists  
Georg Brandt  
Discovery
Before 1000 BCE  
In 1732  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-5 %  
11
3 * 10-4 %  
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0002 %  
10
~0.0004 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.02 %  
12
0.06 %  
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
16
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
6
0.00 %  
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
6
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
In Bone
170.00 p.p.m.  
6
0.04 p.p.m.  
27
Physical Properties
Melting Point
419.58 °C  
99+
1,495.00 °C  
29
Boiling Point
907.00 °C  
99+
2,870.00 °C  
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
14
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
327.00 MPa  
32
470.00 MPa  
26
Vickers Hardness
Not Available  
1,043.00 MPa  
11
Speed of Sound
3,850.00 m/s  
18
4,720.00 m/s  
14
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
2
Not Available  
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
5
67.00 %  
11
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
α-Cobalt  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
β-Cobalt  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Zn  
Co  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25  
14
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.65  
19
1.88  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.23  
6
2.56  
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.66  
7
1.70  
5
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.65  
11
Not Available  
Allen Electronegativity
1.59  
22
1.84  
10
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.35  
35
2.12  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
6
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
2nd Energy Level
1,733.30 kJ/mol  
27
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
31
3rd Energy Level
3,833.00 kJ/mol  
12
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
4th Energy Level
5,731.00 kJ/mol  
11
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
19
5th Energy Level
7,970.00 kJ/mol  
9
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
12
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
9
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
12
7th Energy level
12,900.00 kJ/mol  
9
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
8th Energy Level
16,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
9th Energy Level
19,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
10th Energy Level
23,000.00 kJ/mol  
10
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
11th Energy Level
26,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
12th Energy Level
29,990.00 kJ/mol  
11
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
13th Energy Level
40,490.00 kJ/mol  
5
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
14th Energy Level
43,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
15th Energy Level
47,300.00 kJ/mol  
8
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
12
16th Energy Level
52,300.00 kJ/mol  
9
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
11
17th Energy Level
55,900.00 kJ/mol  
10
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
18th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol  
11
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
19th Energy Level
67,300.00 kJ/mol  
10
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
20th Energy Level
171,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
21st Energy Level
179,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
22nd Energy Level
Not Available  
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
23rd Energy Level
Not Available  
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.22 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.33 eV  
17
5.00 eV  
5
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
30  
99+
22  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
30  
99+
22  
99+
Number of Neutrons
35  
99+
26  
99+
Number of Electrons
30  
99+
22  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
147.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm  
99+
160.00 pm  
30
Van der Waals Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
28
Atomic Weight
65.38 amu  
99+
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.20 cm3/mol  
99+
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Copper
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Gallium
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
38.90 (-eV)  
99+
95.20 (-eV)  
10
Lattice Constant
266.49 pm  
99+
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.14 g/cm3  
99+
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.57 g/cm3  
37
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
434.00 MPa  
9
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available  
0.98 (Pa)  
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa  
18
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
70.00 GPa  
19
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
108.00 GPa  
19
116.00 GPa  
18
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
24
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
Ductile  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.90  
99+
4,500.00  
1
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
59.00 nΩ·m  
40
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.17 106/cm Ω  
12
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
40
7.60 kJ/mol  
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.39 J/(kg K)  
14
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
25.47 J/mol·K  
39
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
116.00 W/m·K  
14
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
30.20 µm/(m·K)  
11
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
429.00 kJ/mol  
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
129.70 kJ/mol  
99+
468.60 kJ/mol  
15
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K  
36
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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