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Zinc Cobalt Comparison

Zinc
Cobalt
Cobalt Zinc comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zn   
Co   
Group Number
12   
6
9   
9
Period Number
4   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440666   
24
7440484   
38
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Indian metallurgists   
Georg Brandt   
Discovery
Before 1000 BCE   
In 1732   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-5 %   
11
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0002 %   
10
~0.0004 %   
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.02 %   
12
0.06 %   
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
16
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
10
0.00 %   
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
6
0.00 %   
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
6
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3   
18
In Bone
170.00 p.p.m.   
6
0.04 p.p.m.   
27
Physical Properties
Melting Point
419.58 °C   
99+
1,495.00 °C   
29
Boiling Point
907.00 °C   
99+
2,870.00 °C   
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
5.00   
8
Brinell Hardness
327.00 MPa   
32
470.00 MPa   
26
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,043.00 MPa   
11
Speed of Sound
3,850.00 m/s   
18
4,720.00 m/s   
14
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00   
2
Not Available   
Reflectivity
80.00 %   
5
67.00 %   
11
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-Cobalt   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-Cobalt   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Zn   
Co   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25   
14
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.65   
19
1.88   
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.23   
6
2.56   
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.66   
7
1.70   
5
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.65   
11
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.59   
22
1.84   
10
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.35   
35
2.12   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol   
6
760.40 kJ/mol   
19
2nd Energy Level
1,733.30 kJ/mol   
27
1,648.00 kJ/mol   
31
3rd Energy Level
3,833.00 kJ/mol   
12
3,232.00 kJ/mol   
22
4th Energy Level
5,731.00 kJ/mol   
11
4,950.00 kJ/mol   
19
5th Energy Level
7,970.00 kJ/mol   
9
7,670.00 kJ/mol   
12
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
9,840.00 kJ/mol   
12
7th Energy level
12,900.00 kJ/mol   
9
12,440.00 kJ/mol   
11
8th Energy Level
16,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
15,230.00 kJ/mol   
12
9th Energy Level
19,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
17,959.00 kJ/mol   
13
10th Energy Level
23,000.00 kJ/mol   
10
26,570.00 kJ/mol   
7
11th Energy Level
26,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
29,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
12th Energy Level
29,990.00 kJ/mol   
11
32,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
13th Energy Level
40,490.00 kJ/mol   
5
36,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
14th Energy Level
43,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
39,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
15th Energy Level
47,300.00 kJ/mol   
8
42,800.00 kJ/mol   
12
16th Energy Level
52,300.00 kJ/mol   
9
49,396.00 kJ/mol   
11
17th Energy Level
55,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
52,737.00 kJ/mol   
13
18th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
134,810.00 kJ/mol   
1
19th Energy Level
67,300.00 kJ/mol   
10
145,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
20th Energy Level
171,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
154,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
21st Energy Level
179,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
167,400.00 kJ/mol   
4
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
178,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
189,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.22 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.33 eV   
17
5.00 eV   
5
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Chemical Stability, Ionization   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
30   
99+
22   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2   
[Ar] 3d2 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
30   
99+
22   
99+
Number of Neutrons
35   
99+
26   
99+
Number of Electrons
30   
99+
22   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm   
99+
147.00 pm   
34
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm   
99+
160.00 pm   
30
Van der Waals Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
65.38 amu   
99+
47.87 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
9.20 cm3/mol   
99+
10.64 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Copper
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Gallium
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
38.90 (-eV)   
99+
95.20 (-eV)   
10
Lattice Constant
266.49 pm   
99+
295.08 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.14 g/cm3   
99+
4.51 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.57 g/cm3   
37
4.11 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
434.00 MPa   
9
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.98 (Pa)   
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa   
18
44.00 GPa   
17
Bulk Modulus
70.00 GPa   
19
110.00 GPa   
15
Young's Modulus
108.00 GPa   
19
116.00 GPa   
18
Poisson Ratio
0.25   
24
0.32   
12
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.90   
99+
4,500.00   
1
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
59.00 nΩ·m   
40
420.00 nΩ·m   
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.17 106/cm Ω   
12
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
7.60 kJ/mol   
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.39 J/(kg K)   
14
0.52 J/(kg K)   
9
Molar Heat Capacity
25.47 J/mol·K   
39
25.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
116.00 W/m·K   
14
21.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
30.20 µm/(m·K)   
11
8.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
129.70 kJ/mol   
99+
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
Summary >>
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