Zinc Cobalt Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Zn
Co
Group Number
12
6
9
9
Period Number
4
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440666
24
7440484
38
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
- The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
- Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
- It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Indian metallurgists
Georg Brandt
Discovery
Before 1000 BCE
In 1732
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-5 %
11
3 * 10-4 %
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0002 %
10
~0.0004 %
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.02 %
12
0.06 %
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
16
0.00 %
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
10
0.00 %
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
6
0.00 %
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
- It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
- Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
- Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3
6
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3
18
In Bone
170.00 p.p.m.
6
0.04 p.p.m.
27
Physical Properties
Melting Point
419.58 °C
99+
1,495.00 °C
29
Boiling Point
907.00 °C
99+
2,870.00 °C
34
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
5.00
8
Brinell Hardness
327.00 MPa
32
470.00 MPa
26
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
1,043.00 MPa
11
Speed of Sound
3,850.00 m/s
18
4,720.00 m/s
14
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.00
2
Not Available
Reflectivity
80.00 %
5
67.00 %
11
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
α-Cobalt
β Allotropes
Not Available
β-Cobalt
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Zn
Co
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
25
14
26
13
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.65
19
1.88
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.23
6
2.56
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.66
7
1.70
5
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.65
11
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.59
22
1.84
10
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.35
35
2.12
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol
6
760.40 kJ/mol
19
2nd Energy Level
1,733.30 kJ/mol
27
1,648.00 kJ/mol
31
3rd Energy Level
3,833.00 kJ/mol
12
3,232.00 kJ/mol
22
4th Energy Level
5,731.00 kJ/mol
11
4,950.00 kJ/mol
19
5th Energy Level
7,970.00 kJ/mol
9
7,670.00 kJ/mol
12
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
9,840.00 kJ/mol
12
7th Energy level
12,900.00 kJ/mol
9
12,440.00 kJ/mol
11
8th Energy Level
16,800.00 kJ/mol
6
15,230.00 kJ/mol
12
9th Energy Level
19,600.00 kJ/mol
8
17,959.00 kJ/mol
13
10th Energy Level
23,000.00 kJ/mol
10
26,570.00 kJ/mol
7
11th Energy Level
26,400.00 kJ/mol
11
29,400.00 kJ/mol
8
12th Energy Level
29,990.00 kJ/mol
11
32,400.00 kJ/mol
8
13th Energy Level
40,490.00 kJ/mol
5
36,600.00 kJ/mol
8
14th Energy Level
43,800.00 kJ/mol
6
39,700.00 kJ/mol
9
15th Energy Level
47,300.00 kJ/mol
8
42,800.00 kJ/mol
12
16th Energy Level
52,300.00 kJ/mol
9
49,396.00 kJ/mol
11
17th Energy Level
55,900.00 kJ/mol
10
52,737.00 kJ/mol
13
18th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol
11
134,810.00 kJ/mol
1
19th Energy Level
67,300.00 kJ/mol
10
145,170.00 kJ/mol
2
20th Energy Level
171,200.00 kJ/mol
1
154,700.00 kJ/mol
4
21st Energy Level
179,100.00 kJ/mol
1
167,400.00 kJ/mol
4
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
178,100.00 kJ/mol
3
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
189,300.00 kJ/mol
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.22 g/amp-hr
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.33 eV
17
5.00 eV
5
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
30
99+
22
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
30
99+
22
99+
Number of Neutrons
35
99+
26
99+
Number of Electrons
30
99+
22
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm
99+
147.00 pm
34
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm
99+
160.00 pm
30
Van der Waals Radius
139.00 pm
99+
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
65.38 amu
99+
47.87 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
9.20 cm3/mol
99+
10.64 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
38.90 (-eV)
99+
95.20 (-eV)
10
Lattice Constant
266.49 pm
99+
295.08 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.14 g/cm3
99+
4.51 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.57 g/cm3
37
4.11 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
434.00 MPa
9
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.98 (Pa)
14
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa
18
44.00 GPa
17
Bulk Modulus
70.00 GPa
19
110.00 GPa
15
Young's Modulus
108.00 GPa
19
116.00 GPa
18
Poisson Ratio
0.25
24
0.32
12
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.90
99+
4,500.00
1
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
59.00 nΩ·m
40
420.00 nΩ·m
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.17 106/cm Ω
12
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
7.60 kJ/mol
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.39 J/(kg K)
14
0.52 J/(kg K)
9
Molar Heat Capacity
25.47 J/mol·K
39
25.06 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
116.00 W/m·K
14
21.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
30.20 µm/(m·K)
11
8.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
429.00 kJ/mol
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
15.48 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
129.70 kJ/mol
99+
468.60 kJ/mol
15
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K
36
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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