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Nickel vs Zinc

Nickel
Zinc
Zinc vs Nickel


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ni   
Zn   
Group Number
10   
8
12   
6
Period Number
4   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440020   
99+
7440666   
24
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt   
Indian metallurgists   
Discovery
In 1751   
Before 1000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-3 %   
4
3 * 10-5 %   
11
Abundance In Sun
~0.008 %   
3
~0.0002 %   
10
Abundance In Meteorites
1.30 %   
3
0.02 %   
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
15
0.01 %   
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
13
0.00 %   
10
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
14
0.00 %   
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3   
17
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
6
In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.   
18
170.00 p.p.m.   
6
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,453.00 °C   
31
419.58 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,732.00 °C   
38
907.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00   
10
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
667.00 MPa   
18
327.00 MPa   
32
Vickers Hardness
638.00 MPa   
16
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
4,900.00 m/s   
12
3,850.00 m/s   
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.00   
2
Reflectivity
72.00 %   
9
80.00 %   
5
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ni   
Zn   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25   
14
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.91   
10
1.65   
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.94   
10
2.23   
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75   
3
1.66   
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.65   
11
Allen Electronegativity
1.88   
6
1.59   
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.09   
99+
2.35   
35
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol   
25
906.40 kJ/mol   
6
2nd Energy Level
1,753.00 kJ/mol   
25
1,733.30 kJ/mol   
27
3rd Energy Level
3,395.00 kJ/mol   
17
3,833.00 kJ/mol   
12
4th Energy Level
5,300.00 kJ/mol   
15
5,731.00 kJ/mol   
11
5th Energy Level
7,339.00 kJ/mol   
15
7,970.00 kJ/mol   
9
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
7th Energy level
12,800.00 kJ/mol   
10
12,900.00 kJ/mol   
9
8th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol   
10
16,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
9th Energy Level
18,600.00 kJ/mol   
10
19,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
10th Energy Level
21,670.00 kJ/mol   
14
23,000.00 kJ/mol   
10
11th Energy Level
30,970.00 kJ/mol   
7
26,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
12th Energy Level
34,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
29,990.00 kJ/mol   
11
13th Energy Level
37,100.00 kJ/mol   
7
40,490.00 kJ/mol   
5
14th Energy Level
41,500.00 kJ/mol   
8
43,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
15th Energy Level
44,800.00 kJ/mol   
10
47,300.00 kJ/mol   
8
16th Energy Level
48,100.00 kJ/mol   
12
52,300.00 kJ/mol   
9
17th Energy Level
55,101.00 kJ/mol   
11
55,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
18th Energy Level
58,570.00 kJ/mol   
12
59,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
19th Energy Level
148,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
67,300.00 kJ/mol   
10
20th Energy Level
159,000.00 kJ/mol   
3
171,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
21st Energy Level
169,400.00 kJ/mol   
3
179,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
22nd Energy Level
182,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
23rd Energy Level
194,000.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.22 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
5.15 eV   
2
4.33 eV   
17
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
28   
99+
30   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1   
[Ar] 3d10 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
28   
99+
30   
99+
Number of Neutrons
31   
99+
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
28   
99+
30   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
124.00 pm   
99+
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
124.00 pm   
99+
122.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm   
40
139.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
58.69 amu   
99+
65.38 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
6.59 cm3/mol   
99+
9.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cobalt
  
Copper
  
Next Element
Copper
  
Gallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
42.00 (-eV)   
99+
38.90 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
352.40 pm   
99+
266.49 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.91 g/cm3   
99+
7.14 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.81 g/cm3   
29
6.57 g/cm3   
37
Tensile Strength
345.00 MPa   
11
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
31
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
19.50 (Pa)   
6
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
76.00 GPa   
12
43.00 GPa   
18
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa   
9
70.00 GPa   
19
Young's Modulus
200.00 GPa   
11
108.00 GPa   
19
Poisson Ratio
0.31   
13
0.25   
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.90   
33
6.90   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
2
Not Available   
Susceptibility
600.00   
2
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
69.30 nΩ·m   
39
59.00 nΩ·m   
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω   
13
0.17 106/cm Ω   
12
Electron Affinity
112.00 kJ/mol   
6
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)   
13
0.39 J/(kg K)   
14
Molar Heat Capacity
26.07 J/mol·K   
31
25.47 J/mol·K   
39
Thermal Conductivity
90.90 W/m·K   
18
116.00 W/m·K   
14
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
30.20 µm/(m·K)   
11
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
371.80 kJ/mol   
20
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
422.60 kJ/mol   
17
129.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
29.90 J/mol.K   
99+
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
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