Zinc vs Nickel
Periodic Table
Symbol
Zn
Ni
Group Number
12
6
10
8
Period Number
4
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440666
24
7440020
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Indian metallurgists
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
Discovery
Before 1000 BCE
In 1751
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-5 %
11
6 * 10-3 %
4
Abundance In Sun
~0.0002 %
10
~0.008 %
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.02 %
12
1.30 %
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
16
0.01 %
15
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
10
0.00 %
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
6
0.00 %
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
- It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
- It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
- Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3
6
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
17
In Bone
170.00 p.p.m.
6
0.70 p.p.m.
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
419.58 °C
99+
1,453.00 °C
31
Boiling Point
907.00 °C
99+
2,732.00 °C
38
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
4.00
10
Brinell Hardness
327.00 MPa
32
667.00 MPa
18
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
638.00 MPa
16
Speed of Sound
3,850.00 m/s
18
4,900.00 m/s
12
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.00
2
Not Available
Reflectivity
80.00 %
5
72.00 %
9
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Zn
Ni
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
25
14
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.65
19
1.91
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.23
6
1.94
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.66
7
1.75
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.65
11
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.59
22
1.88
6
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.35
35
2.09
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol
6
737.10 kJ/mol
25
2nd Energy Level
1,733.30 kJ/mol
27
1,753.00 kJ/mol
25
3rd Energy Level
3,833.00 kJ/mol
12
3,395.00 kJ/mol
17
4th Energy Level
5,731.00 kJ/mol
11
5,300.00 kJ/mol
15
5th Energy Level
7,970.00 kJ/mol
9
7,339.00 kJ/mol
15
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
7th Energy level
12,900.00 kJ/mol
9
12,800.00 kJ/mol
10
8th Energy Level
16,800.00 kJ/mol
6
15,600.00 kJ/mol
10
9th Energy Level
19,600.00 kJ/mol
8
18,600.00 kJ/mol
10
10th Energy Level
23,000.00 kJ/mol
10
21,670.00 kJ/mol
14
11th Energy Level
26,400.00 kJ/mol
11
30,970.00 kJ/mol
7
12th Energy Level
29,990.00 kJ/mol
11
34,000.00 kJ/mol
7
13th Energy Level
40,490.00 kJ/mol
5
37,100.00 kJ/mol
7
14th Energy Level
43,800.00 kJ/mol
6
41,500.00 kJ/mol
8
15th Energy Level
47,300.00 kJ/mol
8
44,800.00 kJ/mol
10
16th Energy Level
52,300.00 kJ/mol
9
48,100.00 kJ/mol
12
17th Energy Level
55,900.00 kJ/mol
10
55,101.00 kJ/mol
11
18th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol
11
58,570.00 kJ/mol
12
19th Energy Level
67,300.00 kJ/mol
10
148,700.00 kJ/mol
1
20th Energy Level
171,200.00 kJ/mol
1
159,000.00 kJ/mol
3
21st Energy Level
179,100.00 kJ/mol
1
169,400.00 kJ/mol
3
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
182,700.00 kJ/mol
2
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
194,000.00 kJ/mol
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.22 g/amp-hr
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.33 eV
17
5.15 eV
2
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
30
99+
28
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
30
99+
28
99+
Number of Neutrons
35
99+
31
99+
Number of Electrons
30
99+
28
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm
99+
124.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm
99+
124.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
139.00 pm
99+
163.00 pm
40
Atomic Weight
65.38 amu
99+
58.69 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
9.20 cm3/mol
99+
6.59 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
38.90 (-eV)
99+
42.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
266.49 pm
99+
352.40 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.14 g/cm3
99+
8.91 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.57 g/cm3
37
7.81 g/cm3
29
Tensile Strength
Not Available
345.00 MPa
11
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
31
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
19.50 (Pa)
6
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa
18
76.00 GPa
12
Bulk Modulus
70.00 GPa
19
180.00 GPa
9
Young's Modulus
108.00 GPa
19
200.00 GPa
11
Poisson Ratio
0.25
24
0.31
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.90
99+
8.90
33
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
0.00 H/m
2
Susceptibility
Not Available
600.00
2
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
59.00 nΩ·m
40
69.30 nΩ·m
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.17 106/cm Ω
12
0.14 106/cm Ω
13
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
112.00 kJ/mol
6
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.39 J/(kg K)
14
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
Molar Heat Capacity
25.47 J/mol·K
39
26.07 J/mol·K
31
Thermal Conductivity
116.00 W/m·K
14
90.90 W/m·K
18
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
30.20 µm/(m·K)
11
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
371.80 kJ/mol
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
17.57 kJ/mol
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
129.70 kJ/mol
99+
422.60 kJ/mol
17
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K
36
29.90 J/mol.K
99+
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