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Zinc vs Mercury

Zinc
Mercury
Mercury vs Zinc


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zn  
Hg  
Group Number
12  
6
12  
6
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440666  
24
7439976  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
R_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Indian metallurgists  
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
Discovery
Before 1000 BCE  
Before 2000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
12
0.09 %  
2
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.02 %  
12
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
16
0.05 %  
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
10
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
7
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
6
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
In Bone
170.00 p.p.m.  
6
0.45 p.p.m.  
23
Physical
Melting Point
419.58 °C  
99+
-38.83 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
907.00 °C  
99+
356.58 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Liquid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
327.00 MPa  
39
5.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
207.00 MPa  
99+
0.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,850.00 m/s  
25
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
1.00  
99+
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
7
73.00 %  
10
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Zn  
Hg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25  
14
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.65  
20
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.23  
7
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.66  
8
1.44  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.65  
20
1.81  
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.59  
25
1.44  
34
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.35  
35
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
6
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
2nd Energy Level
1,733.30 kJ/mol  
28
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
21
3rd Energy Level
3,833.00 kJ/mol  
12
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
4th Energy Level
5,731.00 kJ/mol  
20
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,970.00 kJ/mol  
15
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
12,900.00 kJ/mol  
9
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
16,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
19,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
23,000.00 kJ/mol  
10
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
26,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
29,990.00 kJ/mol  
33
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
40,490.00 kJ/mol  
5
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
43,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
47,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
16th Energy Level
52,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
55,900.00 kJ/mol  
10
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
24
18th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol  
11
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
67,300.00 kJ/mol  
10
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
20
20th Energy Level
171,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
11
21st Energy Level
179,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
33
22nd Energy Level
906.00 kJ/mol  
9
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
8
23rd Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
37
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
36
24th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
5
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
25th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
26th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
27th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
3
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
2
28th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
6
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
5
29th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
7
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
6
30th Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.22 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
Electron Work Function
4.33 eV  
24
4.49 eV  
20
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
30  
99+
80  
36
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
30  
99+
80  
36
Number of Neutrons
35  
99+
121  
23
Number of Electrons
30  
99+
80  
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm  
99+
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
155.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
65.38 amu  
99+
200.59 amu  
32
Atomic Volume
9.20 cm3/mol  
99+
14.82 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Copper
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Gallium
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
38.90 (-eV)  
99+
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
266.49 pm  
99+
300.50 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86  
4
0.42  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.14 g/cm3  
99+
13.53 g/cm3  
25
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.57 g/cm3  
99+
13.55 g/cm3  
27
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
15.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
7
0.00  
4
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa  
18
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
70.00 GPa  
20
25.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
108.00 GPa  
21
45.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
24
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.90  
99+
13.53  
27
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
6
0.00  
20
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
59.00 nΩ·m  
40
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.17 106/cm Ω  
12
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.39 J/(kg K)  
14
0.14 J/(kg K)  
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.47 J/mol·K  
99+
27.98 J/mol·K  
16
Thermal Conductivity
116.00 W/m·K  
14
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
692.00 K  
99+
1,750.00 K  
33
Thermal Expansion
30.20 µm/(m·K)  
11
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
129.70 kJ/mol  
99+
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
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