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Chromium vs Osmium

Chromium
Osmium
Osmium vs Chromium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cr  
Os  
Group Number
6  
12
8  
10
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440473  
39
7440042  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Smithson Tennant  
Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
7
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.30 %  
7
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
13
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,857.00 °C  
14
3,045.00 °C  
3
Boiling Point
2,672.00 °C  
99+
5,027.00 °C  
6
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
8.50  
1
7.00  
3
Brinell Hardness
687.00 MPa  
18
3,490.00 MPa  
1
Vickers Hardness
1,060.00 MPa  
17
3,920.00 MPa  
1
Speed of Sound
5,940.00 m/s  
8
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.97  
2
2.07  
12
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
80.00 %  
7
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cr  
Os  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21  
18
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.66  
19
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.66  
17
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.56  
11
1.52  
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.66  
19
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.34  
36
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
2nd Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
6th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
7th Energy level
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
8th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
9th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
11th Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
12th Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
14th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
16th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
18th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
19th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
20th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
21st Energy Level
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
22nd Energy Level
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
23rd Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
25th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
26th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
27th Energy Level
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
28th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
29th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
30th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
19
4.83 eV  
13
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
24  
99+
76  
40
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
24  
99+
76  
39
Number of Neutrons
28  
99+
114  
26
Number of Electrons
24  
99+
76  
39
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
133.80 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
128.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
216.00 pm  
30
Atomic Weight
52.00 amu  
99+
190.23 amu  
35
Atomic Volume
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Vanadium
  
Rhenium
  
Next Element
Manganese
  
Iridium
  
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)  
4
91.40 (-eV)  
12
Lattice Constant
291.00 pm  
99+
273.44 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86  
4
1.58  
37
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
22.59 g/cm3  
9
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
20.00 g/cm3  
11
Tensile Strength
689.00 MPa  
7
1,000.00 MPa  
4
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
3
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
26
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
774.00 (Pa)  
1
0.00 (Pa)  
39
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
115.00 GPa  
9
222.00 GPa  
1
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa  
11
462.00 GPa  
1
Young's Modulus
279.00 GPa  
8
528.00 GPa  
1
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
33
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.19  
99+
22.57  
11
Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
10
0.00  
17
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
Electron Affinity
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
93.90 W/m·K  
17
87.60 W/m·K  
19
Critical Temperature
1,907.00 K  
24
3,300.00 K  
3
Thermal Expansion
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
Standard Molar Entropy
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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