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Osmium vs Tungsten

Osmium
Tungsten
Tungsten vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os  
W  
Group Number
8  
10
6  
12
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440042  
99+
7440337  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant  
-  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1781  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
40
Physical
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C  
3
3,410.00 °C  
1
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C  
6
5,660.00 °C  
1
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Grayish White  
Luster
Metallic  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00  
3
7.50  
2
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa  
1
2,000.00 MPa  
4
Vickers Hardness
3,920.00 MPa  
1
3,430.00 MPa  
3
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s  
15
4,620.00 m/s  
20
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.07  
12
2.10  
11
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
7
62.00 %  
21
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Os  
W  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
2.36  
3
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
0.98  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52  
13
1.40  
20
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
2.36  
3
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
1.47  
33
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
1.64  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
770.00 kJ/mol  
16
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,700.00 kJ/mol  
30
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,045.40 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
8
5th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
7th Energy level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
8th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
9th Energy Level
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
25
10th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
11th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
12th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
14th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
18
16th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
13
17th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
770.00 kJ/mol  
34
18th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
19th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
770.00 kJ/mol  
31
20th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
770.00 kJ/mol  
25
21st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
23rd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
770.00 kJ/mol  
15
25th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
26th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
27th Energy Level
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
770.00 kJ/mol  
13
28th Energy Level
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
29th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
30th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV  
13
4.55 eV  
18
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
76  
40
74  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76  
39
74  
99+
Number of Neutrons
114  
26
110  
28
Number of Electrons
76  
39
74  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
162.00 pm  
31
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm  
30
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu  
35
183.84 amu  
37
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Tantalum
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Rhenium
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)  
12
140.00 (-eV)  
5
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm  
99+
316.52 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
37
1.29  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3  
9
19.25 g/cm3  
16
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3  
11
17.60 g/cm3  
15
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa  
4
370.00 MPa  
11
Viscosity
0.00  
3
0.00  
1
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
39
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa  
1
161.00 GPa  
5
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa  
1
310.00 GPa  
4
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa  
1
411.00 GPa  
4
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
24
0.28  
17
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57  
11
19.22  
18
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
17
0.00  
23
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
52.80 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
78.60 kJ/mol  
15
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K  
19
173.00 W/m·K  
7
Critical Temperature
3,300.00 K  
3
3,695.00 K  
1
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
4.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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