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Osmium vs Chromium

Osmium
Chromium
Chromium vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os  
Cr  
Group Number
8  
10
6  
12
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440042  
99+
7440473  
39
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
In 1803  
In Between 1797 - 1798  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
28
0.30 %  
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
Physical
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C  
3
1,857.00 °C  
14
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C  
6
2,672.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00  
3
8.50  
1
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa  
1
687.00 MPa  
18
Vickers Hardness
3,920.00 MPa  
1
1,060.00 MPa  
17
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s  
15
5,940.00 m/s  
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.07  
12
2.97  
2
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
7
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Os  
Cr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
21  
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.66  
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.66  
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52  
13
1.56  
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.66  
19
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.34  
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
4th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
5th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
6th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
7th Energy level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
8th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
9th Energy Level
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
10th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
11th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
12th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
13th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
14th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
15th Energy Level
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
16th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
17th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
18th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
19th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
20th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
21st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
22nd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
23rd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
25th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
26th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
27th Energy Level
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
28th Energy Level
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
29th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
30th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV  
13
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
76  
40
24  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76  
39
24  
99+
Number of Neutrons
114  
26
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
76  
39
24  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm  
99+
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm  
30
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu  
35
52.00 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)  
12
170.00 (-eV)  
4
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm  
99+
291.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
37
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3  
9
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3  
11
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa  
4
689.00 MPa  
7
Viscosity
0.00  
3
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
39
774.00 (Pa)  
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa  
1
115.00 GPa  
9
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa  
1
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa  
1
279.00 GPa  
8
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
24
0.21  
33
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57  
11
7.19  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Antiferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
17
0.00  
10
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K  
19
93.90 W/m·K  
17
Critical Temperature
3,300.00 K  
3
1,907.00 K  
24
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
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