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Osmium vs Manganese

Osmium
Manganese
Manganese vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os  
Mn  
Group Number
8  
10
7  
11
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440042  
99+
7439965  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
I_ 43m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
217.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
  • Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant  
Johann Gottlieb Gahn  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1774  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
28
0.27 %  
8
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.11 %  
8
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
  • Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3  
14
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
100.00 p.p.m.  
8
Physical
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C  
3
1,245.00 °C  
37
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C  
6
1,962.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00  
3
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa  
1
196.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
3,920.00 MPa  
1
196.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s  
15
5,150.00 m/s  
11
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.07  
12
2.00  
15
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
7
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Os  
Mn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
21  
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.55  
26
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52  
13
1.60  
10
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.55  
23
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
1.75  
18
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.45  
29
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
717.30 kJ/mol  
30
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,509.00 kJ/mol  
40
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,248.00 kJ/mol  
21
4th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,940.00 kJ/mol  
30
5th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
6,990.00 kJ/mol  
29
6th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
9,220.00 kJ/mol  
22
7th Energy level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
11,500.00 kJ/mol  
16
8th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
18,770.00 kJ/mol  
5
9th Energy Level
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21,400.00 kJ/mol  
6
10th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
23,960.00 kJ/mol  
9
11th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
27,590.00 kJ/mol  
10
12th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30,330.00 kJ/mol  
32
13th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
33,150.00 kJ/mol  
11
14th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
38,880.00 kJ/mol  
10
15th Energy Level
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
41,987.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
109,480.00 kJ/mol  
1
17th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
118,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
18th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
127,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
19th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
138,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
20th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
148,500.00 kJ/mol  
6
21st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
158,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
22nd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
172,500.00 kJ/mol  
5
23rd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
181,380.00 kJ/mol  
5
24th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
25th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
717.30 kJ/mol  
24
26th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
27th Energy Level
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
28th Energy Level
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.29 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV  
13
4.10 eV  
32
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
76  
40
25  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
[Ar] 3d5 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76  
39
25  
99+
Number of Neutrons
114  
26
30  
99+
Number of Electrons
76  
39
25  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm  
99+
127.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm  
30
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu  
35
54.94 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
1.39 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Chromium
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Iron
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)  
12
220.00 (-eV)  
2
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm  
99+
891.25 pm  
1
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
37
1.55  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3  
9
7.21 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3  
11
5.95 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa  
4
370.00 MPa  
11
Viscosity
0.00  
3
0.00  
2
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
12
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
39
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa  
1
40.00 GPa  
19
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa  
1
120.00 GPa  
14
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa  
1
198.00 GPa  
13
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
24
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57  
11
7.21  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
7
Susceptibility
0.00  
17
0.00  
12
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
1.44 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.48 J/(kg K)  
11
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
26.32 J/mol·K  
37
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K  
19
7.81 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
3,300.00 K  
3
1,519.00 K  
40
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
21.70 µm/(m·K)  
22
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
219.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
14.64 kJ/mol  
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
280.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
32.00 J/mol.K  
99+
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