Osmium vs Manganese
Periodic Table
Symbol
Os
Mn
Group Number
8
10
7
11
Period Number
6
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440042
99+
7439965
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
I_ 43m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
217.00
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
- Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
- Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
Johann Gottlieb Gahn
Discovery
In 1803
In 1774
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %
21
8 * 10-4 %
8
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.001 %
8
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
28
0.27 %
8
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.11 %
8
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
13
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
- This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
- Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
14
In Bone
Not Available
100.00 p.p.m.
8
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C
3
1,245.00 °C
37
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C
6
1,962.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.00
3
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa
1
196.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s
11
5,150.00 m/s
7
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os
Mn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
21
18
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
1.55
25
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52
12
1.60
9
Allen Electronegativity
1.65
19
1.75
15
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
2.45
29
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol
12
717.30 kJ/mol
30
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,509.00 kJ/mol
39
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,248.00 kJ/mol
21
4th Energy Level
Not Available
4,940.00 kJ/mol
20
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6,990.00 kJ/mol
17
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,220.00 kJ/mol
16
7th Energy level
Not Available
11,500.00 kJ/mol
16
8th Energy Level
Not Available
18,770.00 kJ/mol
5
9th Energy Level
Not Available
21,400.00 kJ/mol
6
10th Energy Level
Not Available
23,960.00 kJ/mol
9
11th Energy Level
Not Available
27,590.00 kJ/mol
10
12th Energy Level
Not Available
30,330.00 kJ/mol
10
13th Energy Level
Not Available
33,150.00 kJ/mol
11
14th Energy Level
Not Available
38,880.00 kJ/mol
10
15th Energy Level
Not Available
41,987.00 kJ/mol
13
16th Energy Level
Not Available
109,480.00 kJ/mol
1
17th Energy Level
Not Available
118,100.00 kJ/mol
2
18th Energy Level
Not Available
127,100.00 kJ/mol
3
19th Energy Level
Not Available
138,600.00 kJ/mol
4
20th Energy Level
Not Available
148,500.00 kJ/mol
6
21st Energy Level
Not Available
158,600.00 kJ/mol
6
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
172,500.00 kJ/mol
5
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
181,380.00 kJ/mol
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr
38
0.29 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV
8
4.10 eV
25
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76
40
25
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
[Ar] 3d5 4s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
76
39
25
99+
Number of Neutrons
114
25
30
99+
Number of Electrons
76
39
25
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm
99+
127.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
Not Available
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm
24
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu
35
54.94 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol
99+
1.39 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)
12
220.00 (-eV)
2
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm
99+
891.25 pm
1
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
14
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3
9
7.21 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3
1
5.95 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa
4
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
12
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
28
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa
1
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa
1
120.00 GPa
14
Young's Modulus
Not Available
198.00 GPa
12
Poisson Ratio
0.25
24
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
22.57
2
7.21
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m
35
1.44 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
18
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol
9
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.48 J/(kg K)
11
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K
99+
26.32 J/mol·K
29
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K
19
7.81 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)
99+
21.70 µm/(m·K)
21
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol
7
219.70 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol
4
14.64 kJ/mol
23
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol
6
280.30 kJ/mol
38
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K
99+
32.00 J/mol.K
99+
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