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Osmium vs Iridium

Osmium
Iridium
Iridium vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os  
Ir  
Group Number
8  
10
9  
9
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440042  
99+
7439885  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
  • Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant  
Smithson Tennant  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
29
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C  
3
2,410.00 °C  
7
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C  
6
4,527.00 °C  
10
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00  
3
6.50  
5
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa  
1
1,670.00 MPa  
5
Vickers Hardness
3,920.00 MPa  
1
1,760.00 MPa  
8
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s  
15
4,825.00 m/s  
17
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.07  
12
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
7
78.00 %  
8
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Os  
Ir  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52  
13
1.55  
12
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
1.68  
20
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
36
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,256.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
8
6th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
25
7th Energy level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
8th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
9th Energy Level
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
10th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
23
11th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
20
12th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
40
13th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
15
14th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
14
15th Energy Level
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
88,000.00 kJ/mol  
8
16th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
88,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
17th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
880.00 kJ/mol  
26
18th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
15
19th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
880.00 kJ/mol  
24
20th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
880.00 kJ/mol  
14
21st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
880.00 kJ/mol  
37
22nd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
880.00 kJ/mol  
12
23rd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
7
24th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
25th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
26th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
27th Energy Level
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
880.00 kJ/mol  
5
28th Energy Level
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
29th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
30th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV  
13
4.55 eV  
18
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
76  
40
77  
39
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76  
39
74  
99+
Number of Neutrons
114  
26
110  
28
Number of Electrons
76  
39
74  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm  
99+
136.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
141.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm  
30
202.00 pm  
34
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu  
35
192.22 amu  
34
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Osmium
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Platinum
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)  
12
140.00 (-eV)  
5
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm  
99+
383.90 pm  
29
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
37
1.58  
35
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3  
9
22.56 g/cm3  
10
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3  
11
19.00 g/cm3  
13
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa  
4
2,000.00 MPa  
2
Viscosity
0.00  
3
0.00  
21
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
39
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa  
1
210.00 GPa  
2
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa  
1
320.00 GPa  
3
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa  
1
528.00 GPa  
1
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
24
0.26  
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57  
11
21.78  
12
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
16
Susceptibility
0.00  
17
0.00  
5
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
47.10 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
151.00 kJ/mol  
4
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K  
19
147.00 W/m·K  
10
Critical Temperature
3,300.00 K  
3
2,719.00 K  
8
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
6.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
35.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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