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Manganese vs Chromium

Manganese
Chromium
Chromium vs Manganese


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mn   
Cr   
Group Number
7   
11
6   
12
Period Number
4   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439965   
99+
7440473   
39
Space Group Name
I_ 43m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
217.00   
4
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
  • Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johann Gottlieb Gahn   
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Discovery
In 1774   
In Between 1797 - 1798   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-4 %   
8
1.5 * 10-3 %   
7
Abundance In Sun
~0.001 %   
8
~0.002 %   
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.27 %   
8
0.30 %   
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.11 %   
8
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
13
0.00 %   
16
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
13
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
  • Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
14
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3   
12
In Bone
100.00 p.p.m.   
8
0.33 p.p.m.   
21
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,245.00 °C   
37
1,857.00 °C   
14
Boiling Point
1,962.00 °C   
99+
2,672.00 °C   
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
8.50   
1
Brinell Hardness
196.00 MPa   
99+
687.00 MPa   
16
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,060.00 MPa   
10
Speed of Sound
5,150.00 m/s   
7
5,940.00 m/s   
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mn   
Cr   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21   
18
21   
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.55   
25
1.66   
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20   
7
1.66   
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.60   
9
1.56   
10
Allen Electronegativity
1.75   
15
1.65   
19
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.45   
29
2.34   
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol   
30
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
1
2nd Energy Level
1,509.00 kJ/mol   
39
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
1
3rd Energy Level
3,248.00 kJ/mol   
21
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
1
4th Energy Level
4,940.00 kJ/mol   
20
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
1
5th Energy Level
6,990.00 kJ/mol   
17
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
6th Energy Level
9,220.00 kJ/mol   
16
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
7th Energy level
11,500.00 kJ/mol   
16
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
8th Energy Level
18,770.00 kJ/mol   
5
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
9th Energy Level
21,400.00 kJ/mol   
6
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
10th Energy Level
23,960.00 kJ/mol   
9
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
11th Energy Level
27,590.00 kJ/mol   
10
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
12
12th Energy Level
30,330.00 kJ/mol   
10
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
13
13th Energy Level
33,150.00 kJ/mol   
11
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
10
14th Energy Level
38,880.00 kJ/mol   
10
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
12
15th Energy Level
41,987.00 kJ/mol   
13
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
16th Energy Level
109,480.00 kJ/mol   
1
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
2
17th Energy Level
118,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
18th Energy Level
127,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
4
19th Energy Level
138,600.00 kJ/mol   
4
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
5
20th Energy Level
148,500.00 kJ/mol   
6
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
7
21st Energy Level
158,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
157,700.00 kJ/mol   
7
22nd Energy Level
172,500.00 kJ/mol   
5
166,090.00 kJ/mol   
6
23rd Energy Level
181,380.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.29 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.32 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.10 eV   
25
4.50 eV   
14
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
25   
99+
24   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s2   
[Ar] 3d5 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
25   
99+
24   
99+
Number of Neutrons
30   
99+
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
25   
99+
24   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
127.00 pm   
99+
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
54.94 amu   
99+
52.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
1.39 cm3/mol   
99+
7.23 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Chromium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Iron
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
220.00 (-eV)   
2
170.00 (-eV)   
4
Lattice Constant
891.25 pm   
1
291.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.21 g/cm3   
99+
7.19 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.95 g/cm3   
99+
6.30 g/cm3   
40
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
689.00 MPa   
7
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
12
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
774.00 (Pa)   
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
115.00 GPa   
9
Bulk Modulus
120.00 GPa   
14
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
198.00 GPa   
12
279.00 GPa   
8
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.21   
32
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.21   
99+
7.19   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Antiferromagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
NA   
Resistivity
1.44 nΩ·m   
99+
125.00 nΩ·m   
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω   
25
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
64.30 kJ/mol   
15
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.48 J/(kg K)   
11
0.45 J/(kg K)   
12
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
23.35 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
7.81 W/m·K   
99+
93.90 W/m·K   
17
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
21.70 µm/(m·K)   
21
4.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
219.70 kJ/mol   
99+
348.80 kJ/mol   
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.64 kJ/mol   
23
15.31 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
280.30 kJ/mol   
38
397.50 kJ/mol   
21
Standard Molar Entropy
32.00 J/mol.K   
99+
23.80 J/mol.K   
99+
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