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Manganese vs Chromium

Manganese
Chromium
Chromium vs Manganese


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mn  
Cr  
Group Number
7  
11
6  
12
Period Number
4  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439965  
99+
7440473  
39
Space Group Name
I_ 43m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
217.00  
5
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
  • Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johann Gottlieb Gahn  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
In 1774  
In Between 1797 - 1798  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.27 %  
8
0.30 %  
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.11 %  
8
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
13
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
  • Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3  
14
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
In Bone
100.00 p.p.m.  
8
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
Physical
Melting Point
1,245.00 °C  
37
1,857.00 °C  
14
Boiling Point
1,962.00 °C  
99+
2,672.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
8.50  
1
Brinell Hardness
196.00 MPa  
99+
687.00 MPa  
18
Vickers Hardness
196.00 MPa  
99+
1,060.00 MPa  
17
Speed of Sound
5,150.00 m/s  
11
5,940.00 m/s  
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.00  
15
2.97  
2
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Mn  
Cr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21  
18
21  
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.55  
26
1.66  
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.66  
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.60  
10
1.56  
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.55  
23
1.66  
19
Allen Electronegativity
1.75  
18
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.45  
29
2.34  
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol  
30
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
2nd Energy Level
1,509.00 kJ/mol  
40
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
3rd Energy Level
3,248.00 kJ/mol  
21
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
4th Energy Level
4,940.00 kJ/mol  
30
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
5th Energy Level
6,990.00 kJ/mol  
29
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
6th Energy Level
9,220.00 kJ/mol  
22
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
7th Energy level
11,500.00 kJ/mol  
16
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
8th Energy Level
18,770.00 kJ/mol  
5
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
9th Energy Level
21,400.00 kJ/mol  
6
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
10th Energy Level
23,960.00 kJ/mol  
9
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
11th Energy Level
27,590.00 kJ/mol  
10
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
12th Energy Level
30,330.00 kJ/mol  
32
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
13th Energy Level
33,150.00 kJ/mol  
11
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
14th Energy Level
38,880.00 kJ/mol  
10
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
15th Energy Level
41,987.00 kJ/mol  
99+
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
16th Energy Level
109,480.00 kJ/mol  
1
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
17th Energy Level
118,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
18th Energy Level
127,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
19th Energy Level
138,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
20th Energy Level
148,500.00 kJ/mol  
6
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
21st Energy Level
158,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
22nd Energy Level
172,500.00 kJ/mol  
5
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
23rd Energy Level
181,380.00 kJ/mol  
5
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
25th Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol  
24
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
26th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
27th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
28th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
29th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
30th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.29 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.10 eV  
32
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
25  
99+
24  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s2  
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
25  
99+
24  
99+
Number of Neutrons
30  
99+
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
25  
99+
24  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
127.00 pm  
99+
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
54.94 amu  
99+
52.00 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
1.39 cm3/mol  
99+
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Chromium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Iron
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
220.00 (-eV)  
2
170.00 (-eV)  
4
Lattice Constant
891.25 pm  
1
291.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.55  
99+
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.21 g/cm3  
99+
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.95 g/cm3  
99+
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa  
11
689.00 MPa  
7
Viscosity
0.00  
2
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
12
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
774.00 (Pa)  
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
40.00 GPa  
19
115.00 GPa  
9
Bulk Modulus
120.00 GPa  
14
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
198.00 GPa  
13
279.00 GPa  
8
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.21  
33
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.21  
99+
7.19  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Antiferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
7
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
12
0.00  
10
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
1.44 nΩ·m  
99+
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.48 J/(kg K)  
11
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K  
37
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
7.81 W/m·K  
99+
93.90 W/m·K  
17
Critical Temperature
1,519.00 K  
40
1,907.00 K  
24
Thermal Expansion
21.70 µm/(m·K)  
22
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
219.70 kJ/mol  
99+
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.64 kJ/mol  
25
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
280.30 kJ/mol  
99+
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
Standard Molar Entropy
32.00 J/mol.K  
99+
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
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