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Manganese vs Vanadium

Manganese
Vanadium
Vanadium vs Manganese


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mn   
V   
Group Number
7   
11
5   
13
Period Number
4   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439965   
99+
7440622   
27
Space Group Name
I_ 43m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
217.00   
4
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
  • Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johann Gottlieb Gahn   
Andrés Manuel del Río   
Discovery
In 1774   
In 1801   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-4 %   
8
1 * 10-4 %   
10
Abundance In Sun
~0.001 %   
8
~0.00004 %   
13
Abundance In Meteorites
0.27 %   
8
0.01 %   
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.11 %   
8
0.02 %   
12
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
13
0.00 %   
14
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
13
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
  • Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
14
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
36
In Bone
100.00 p.p.m.   
8
0.00 p.p.m.   
31
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,245.00 °C   
37
1,890.00 °C   
13
Boiling Point
1,962.00 °C   
99+
3,380.00 °C   
20
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Blue-Silver Grey   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
6.70   
4
Brinell Hardness
196.00 MPa   
99+
600.00 MPa   
20
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
628.00 MPa   
17
Speed of Sound
5,150.00 m/s   
7
4,560.00 m/s   
17
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
61.00 %   
14
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mn   
V   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21   
18
22   
17
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.55   
25
1.63   
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20   
7
1.39   
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.60   
9
1.45   
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.75   
15
1.53   
26
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.45   
29
2.37   
34
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol   
30
650.90 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,509.00 kJ/mol   
39
1,414.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,248.00 kJ/mol   
21
2,830.00 kJ/mol   
35
4th Energy Level
4,940.00 kJ/mol   
20
4,507.00 kJ/mol   
25
5th Energy Level
6,990.00 kJ/mol   
17
6,298.70 kJ/mol   
23
6th Energy Level
9,220.00 kJ/mol   
16
12,363.00 kJ/mol   
5
7th Energy level
11,500.00 kJ/mol   
16
14,530.00 kJ/mol   
5
8th Energy Level
18,770.00 kJ/mol   
5
16,730.00 kJ/mol   
7
9th Energy Level
21,400.00 kJ/mol   
6
19,860.00 kJ/mol   
7
10th Energy Level
23,960.00 kJ/mol   
9
22,240.00 kJ/mol   
12
11th Energy Level
27,590.00 kJ/mol   
10
24,670.00 kJ/mol   
15
12th Energy Level
30,330.00 kJ/mol   
10
29,730.00 kJ/mol   
12
13th Energy Level
33,150.00 kJ/mol   
11
32,446.00 kJ/mol   
12
14th Energy Level
38,880.00 kJ/mol   
10
86,450.00 kJ/mol   
1
15th Energy Level
41,987.00 kJ/mol   
13
94,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
16th Energy Level
109,480.00 kJ/mol   
1
102,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
17th Energy Level
118,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
112,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
18th Energy Level
127,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
121,600.00 kJ/mol   
5
19th Energy Level
138,600.00 kJ/mol   
4
130,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
20th Energy Level
148,500.00 kJ/mol   
6
143,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
21st Energy Level
158,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
151,440.00 kJ/mol   
8
22nd Energy Level
172,500.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
23rd Energy Level
181,380.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.29 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.38 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.10 eV   
25
4.30 eV   
18
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
25   
99+
23   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s2   
[Ar] 3d3 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
25   
99+
23   
99+
Number of Neutrons
30   
99+
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
25   
99+
23   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
127.00 pm   
99+
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
153.00 pm   
33
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
54.94 amu   
99+
50.94 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
1.39 cm3/mol   
99+
8.78 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Chromium
  
Titanium
  
Next Element
Iron
  
Chromium
  
Valence Electron Potential
220.00 (-eV)   
2
120.00 (-eV)   
6
Lattice Constant
891.25 pm   
1
303.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.21 g/cm3   
99+
6.00 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.95 g/cm3   
99+
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
800.00 MPa   
6
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
12
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.23 (Pa)   
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
47.00 GPa   
16
Bulk Modulus
120.00 GPa   
14
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
198.00 GPa   
12
128.00 GPa   
15
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.37   
7
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.21   
99+
5.96   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
1.44 nΩ·m   
99+
197.00 nΩ·m   
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω   
35
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
50.60 kJ/mol   
20
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.48 J/(kg K)   
11
0.49 J/(kg K)   
10
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
24.89 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
7.81 W/m·K   
99+
30.70 W/m·K   
39
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
21.70 µm/(m·K)   
21
8.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
219.70 kJ/mol   
99+
458.60 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.64 kJ/mol   
23
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
280.30 kJ/mol   
38
514.60 kJ/mol   
13
Standard Molar Entropy
32.00 J/mol.K   
99+
28.90 J/mol.K   
99+
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