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Tungsten vs Chromium

Tungsten
Chromium
Chromium vs Tungsten


Periodic Table
Symbol
W   
Cr   
Group Number
6   
12
6   
12
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440337   
99+
7440473   
39
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available   
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Discovery
In 1781   
In Between 1797 - 1798   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %   
27
1.5 * 10-3 %   
7
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.002 %   
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
39
0.30 %   
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
39
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
18
0.00 %   
16
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
31
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3   
12
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
35
0.33 p.p.m.   
21
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C   
1
1,857.00 °C   
14
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C   
1
2,672.00 °C   
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Grayish White   
Silver   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.50   
2
8.50   
1
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa   
4
687.00 MPa   
16
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa   
1
1,060.00 MPa   
10
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s   
16
5,940.00 m/s   
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
62.00 %   
13
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
W   
Cr   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
21   
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.36   
2
1.66   
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98   
23
1.66   
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.40   
19
1.56   
10
Allen Electronegativity
1.47   
29
1.65   
19
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.64   
99+
2.34   
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol   
16
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
1
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol   
29
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
1
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
1
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
1
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
7th Energy level
Not Available   
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
12
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
13
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
10
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
12
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
2
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
4
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
5
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
7
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
157,700.00 kJ/mol   
7
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
166,090.00 kJ/mol   
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.32 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV   
13
4.50 eV   
14
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
74   
99+
24   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2   
[Ar] 3d5 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74   
99+
24   
99+
Number of Neutrons
110   
27
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
74   
99+
24   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm   
39
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm   
29
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu   
37
52.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol   
99+
7.23 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tantalum
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Rhenium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)   
5
170.00 (-eV)   
4
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm   
99+
291.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3   
16
7.19 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm3   
5
6.30 g/cm3   
40
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa   
10
689.00 MPa   
7
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
32
774.00 (Pa)   
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa   
5
115.00 GPa   
9
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa   
4
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa   
4
279.00 GPa   
8
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.21   
32
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.22   
9
7.19   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Antiferromagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
NA   
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m   
99+
125.00 nΩ·m   
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω   
10
0.08 106/cm Ω   
25
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol   
13
64.30 kJ/mol   
15
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.45 J/(kg K)   
12
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K   
99+
23.35 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K   
7
93.90 W/m·K   
17
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)   
99+
4.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol   
1
348.80 kJ/mol   
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol   
1
15.31 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol   
1
397.50 kJ/mol   
21
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
23.80 J/mol.K   
99+
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