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Tungsten vs Chromium

Tungsten
Chromium
Chromium vs Tungsten


Periodic Table
Symbol
W  
Cr  
Group Number
6  
12
6  
12
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440337  
99+
7440473  
39
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
In 1781  
In Between 1797 - 1798  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
39
0.30 %  
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
39
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
40
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
Physical
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C  
1
1,857.00 °C  
14
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C  
1
2,672.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Silver  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.50  
2
8.50  
1
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa  
4
687.00 MPa  
18
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa  
3
1,060.00 MPa  
17
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s  
20
5,940.00 m/s  
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.10  
11
2.97  
2
Reflectivity
62.00 %  
21
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
W  
Cr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
21  
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.36  
3
1.66  
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98  
99+
1.66  
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.40  
20
1.56  
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.36  
3
1.66  
19
Allen Electronegativity
1.47  
33
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.64  
99+
2.34  
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
16
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol  
30
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
3rd Energy Level
2,045.40 kJ/mol  
99+
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
4th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
8
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
6th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
7th Energy level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
8th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
9th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
25
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
10th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
11th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
12th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
13th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
14th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
15th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
18
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
16th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
13
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
17th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
34
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
18th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
19th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
31
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
20th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
25
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
21st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
22nd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
23rd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
15
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
25th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
26th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
27th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
13
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
28th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
29th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
30th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV  
18
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
74  
99+
24  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2  
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74  
99+
24  
99+
Number of Neutrons
110  
28
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
74  
99+
24  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm  
31
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu  
37
52.00 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tantalum
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Rhenium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)  
5
170.00 (-eV)  
4
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm  
99+
291.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.29  
99+
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3  
16
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm3  
15
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa  
11
689.00 MPa  
7
Viscosity
0.00  
1
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
774.00 (Pa)  
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa  
5
115.00 GPa  
9
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa  
4
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa  
4
279.00 GPa  
8
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.21  
33
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.22  
18
7.19  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Antiferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
10
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
-  
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m  
99+
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol  
15
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K  
7
93.90 W/m·K  
17
Critical Temperature
3,695.00 K  
1
1,907.00 K  
24
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
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