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Chromium vs Tungsten

Chromium
Tungsten
Tungsten vs Chromium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cr  
W  
Group Number
6  
12
6  
12
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440473  
39
7440337  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
-  
Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798  
In 1781  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
7
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.30 %  
7
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
13
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
In Bone
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
0.00 p.p.m.  
40
Physical
Melting Point
1,857.00 °C  
14
3,410.00 °C  
1
Boiling Point
2,672.00 °C  
99+
5,660.00 °C  
1
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Grayish White  
Luster
Metallic  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
8.50  
1
7.50  
2
Brinell Hardness
687.00 MPa  
18
2,000.00 MPa  
4
Vickers Hardness
1,060.00 MPa  
17
3,430.00 MPa  
3
Speed of Sound
5,940.00 m/s  
8
4,620.00 m/s  
20
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.97  
2
2.10  
11
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
62.00 %  
21
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cr  
W  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21  
18
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.66  
19
2.36  
3
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.66  
17
0.98  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.56  
11
1.40  
20
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.66  
19
2.36  
3
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
1.47  
33
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.34  
36
1.64  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
770.00 kJ/mol  
16
2nd Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
1,700.00 kJ/mol  
30
3rd Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
2,045.40 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
8
5th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
7th Energy level
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
8th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
9th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
25
10th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
11th Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
12th Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
14th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
18
16th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
13
17th Energy Level
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
770.00 kJ/mol  
34
18th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
19th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
770.00 kJ/mol  
31
20th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
770.00 kJ/mol  
25
21st Energy Level
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
23rd Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
770.00 kJ/mol  
15
25th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
26th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
27th Energy Level
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
770.00 kJ/mol  
13
28th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
29th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
30th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
19
4.55 eV  
18
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
24  
99+
74  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
24  
99+
74  
99+
Number of Neutrons
28  
99+
110  
28
Number of Electrons
24  
99+
74  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
162.00 pm  
31
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
52.00 amu  
99+
183.84 amu  
37
Atomic Volume
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Vanadium
  
Tantalum
  
Next Element
Manganese
  
Rhenium
  
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)  
4
140.00 (-eV)  
5
Lattice Constant
291.00 pm  
99+
316.52 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86  
4
1.29  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
19.25 g/cm3  
16
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
17.60 g/cm3  
15
Tensile Strength
689.00 MPa  
7
370.00 MPa  
11
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
1
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
26
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
774.00 (Pa)  
1
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
115.00 GPa  
9
161.00 GPa  
5
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa  
11
310.00 GPa  
4
Young's Modulus
279.00 GPa  
8
411.00 GPa  
4
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
33
0.28  
17
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.19  
99+
19.22  
18
Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
10
0.00  
23
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
52.80 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
Electron Affinity
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
78.60 kJ/mol  
15
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
93.90 W/m·K  
17
173.00 W/m·K  
7
Critical Temperature
1,907.00 K  
24
3,695.00 K  
1
Thermal Expansion
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
4.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Atomization
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
Standard Molar Entropy
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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