Home
 Compare Metals

Chromium vs Nickel

Chromium
Nickel
Nickel vs Chromium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cr  
Ni  
Group Number
6  
12
10  
8
Period Number
4  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440473  
39
7440020  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt  
Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798  
In 1751  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
8
0.01 %  
5
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
7
0.01 %  
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.30 %  
7
1.30 %  
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
13
0.01 %  
15
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
17
In Bone
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
Physical
Melting Point
1,857.00 °C  
14
1,453.00 °C  
31
Boiling Point
2,672.00 °C  
99+
2,732.00 °C  
40
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
8.50  
1
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
687.00 MPa  
18
667.00 MPa  
20
Vickers Hardness
1,060.00 MPa  
17
638.00 MPa  
24
Speed of Sound
5,940.00 m/s  
8
4,900.00 m/s  
16
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.97  
2
1.68  
28
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
72.00 %  
11
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cr  
Ni  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21  
18
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.66  
19
1.91  
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.66  
17
1.94  
12
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.56  
11
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.66  
19
1.91  
12
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
1.88  
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.34  
36
2.09  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
737.10 kJ/mol  
25
2nd Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
1,753.00 kJ/mol  
26
3rd Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
3,395.00 kJ/mol  
17
4th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
5,300.00 kJ/mol  
24
5th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,339.00 kJ/mol  
23
6th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
7th Energy level
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
12,800.00 kJ/mol  
10
8th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
9th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
18,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
10th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
21,670.00 kJ/mol  
14
11th Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
30,970.00 kJ/mol  
7
12th Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
34,000.00 kJ/mol  
29
13th Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
37,100.00 kJ/mol  
7
14th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
41,500.00 kJ/mol  
8
15th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
44,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
48,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
55,101.00 kJ/mol  
11
18th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
58,570.00 kJ/mol  
12
19th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
148,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
20th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
159,000.00 kJ/mol  
3
21st Energy Level
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
169,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
22nd Energy Level
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
182,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
23rd Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
194,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
24th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
25th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
26th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
27th Energy Level
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
737.10 kJ/mol  
20
28th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
737.10 kJ/mol  
26
29th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
737.10 kJ/mol  
27
30th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
737.00 kJ/mol  
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
19
5.15 eV  
6
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
24  
99+
28  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
24  
99+
28  
99+
Number of Neutrons
28  
99+
31  
99+
Number of Electrons
24  
99+
28  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
124.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
124.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
52.00 amu  
99+
58.69 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
6.59 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Vanadium
  
Cobalt
  
Next Element
Manganese
  
Copper
  
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)  
4
42.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
291.00 pm  
99+
352.40 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86  
4
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
8.91 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
7.81 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
689.00 MPa  
7
345.00 MPa  
13
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
8
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
26
0.00 (Pa)  
33
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
774.00 (Pa)  
1
19.50 (Pa)  
6
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
115.00 GPa  
9
76.00 GPa  
12
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa  
11
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
279.00 GPa  
8
200.00 GPa  
12
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
33
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.19  
99+
8.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
2
Susceptibility
0.00  
10
600.00  
2
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
69.30 nΩ·m  
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
0.14 106/cm Ω  
14
Electron Affinity
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
112.00 kJ/mol  
7
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
26.07 J/mol·K  
39
Thermal Conductivity
93.90 W/m·K  
17
90.90 W/m·K  
18
Critical Temperature
1,907.00 K  
24
1,728.00 K  
35
Thermal Expansion
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
371.80 kJ/mol  
29
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
422.60 kJ/mol  
22
Standard Molar Entropy
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
29.90 J/mol.K  
99+
Periodic Table >>
<< All

Compare Transition Metals

Transition Metals

Transition Metals

» More Transition Metals

Compare Transition Metals

» More Compare Transition Metals
Home | About | Contact | Disclaimer | Terms of use
© A softusvista inc. venture!