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Chromium vs Zinc

Chromium
Zinc
Zinc vs Chromium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cr  
Zn  
Group Number
6  
12
12  
6
Period Number
4  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440473  
39
7440666  
24
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Indian metallurgists  
Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798  
Before 1000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
7
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Meteorites
0.30 %  
7
0.02 %  
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
13
0.01 %  
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
6
In Bone
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
170.00 p.p.m.  
6
Physical
Melting Point
1,857.00 °C  
14
419.58 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,672.00 °C  
99+
907.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
8.50  
1
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
687.00 MPa  
18
327.00 MPa  
39
Vickers Hardness
1,060.00 MPa  
17
207.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
5,940.00 m/s  
8
3,850.00 m/s  
25
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.97  
2
1.00  
99+
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
80.00 %  
7
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cr  
Zn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21  
18
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.66  
19
1.65  
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.66  
17
2.23  
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.56  
11
1.66  
8
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.66  
19
1.65  
20
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
1.59  
25
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.34  
36
2.35  
35
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
906.40 kJ/mol  
6
2nd Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
1,733.30 kJ/mol  
28
3rd Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
3,833.00 kJ/mol  
12
4th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
5,731.00 kJ/mol  
20
5th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,970.00 kJ/mol  
15
6th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
7th Energy level
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
12,900.00 kJ/mol  
9
8th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
16,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
9th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
19,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
10th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
23,000.00 kJ/mol  
10
11th Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
26,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
12th Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
29,990.00 kJ/mol  
33
13th Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
40,490.00 kJ/mol  
5
14th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
43,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
15th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
47,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
52,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
55,900.00 kJ/mol  
10
18th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
59,700.00 kJ/mol  
11
19th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
67,300.00 kJ/mol  
10
20th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
171,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
21st Energy Level
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
179,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
22nd Energy Level
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
906.00 kJ/mol  
9
23rd Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
906.40 kJ/mol  
37
24th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
906.40 kJ/mol  
5
25th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
26th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
27th Energy Level
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
906.40 kJ/mol  
3
28th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
906.40 kJ/mol  
6
29th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
906.40 kJ/mol  
7
30th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.22 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
19
4.33 eV  
24
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
24  
99+
30  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
[Ar] 3d10 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
24  
99+
30  
99+
Number of Neutrons
28  
99+
35  
99+
Number of Electrons
24  
99+
30  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
122.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
139.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
52.00 amu  
99+
65.38 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
9.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Vanadium
  
Copper
  
Next Element
Manganese
  
Gallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)  
4
38.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
291.00 pm  
99+
266.49 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86  
4
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
7.14 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
6.57 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
689.00 MPa  
7
120.00 MPa  
27
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
7
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
26
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
774.00 (Pa)  
1
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
115.00 GPa  
9
43.00 GPa  
18
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa  
11
70.00 GPa  
20
Young's Modulus
279.00 GPa  
8
108.00 GPa  
21
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
33
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.19  
99+
6.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
16
Susceptibility
0.00  
10
0.00  
6
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
59.00 nΩ·m  
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
0.17 106/cm Ω  
12
Electron Affinity
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
0.39 J/(kg K)  
14
Molar Heat Capacity
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
25.47 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
93.90 W/m·K  
17
116.00 W/m·K  
14
Critical Temperature
1,907.00 K  
24
692.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
30.20 µm/(m·K)  
11
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
129.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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