Hafnium mungsuh Panerapan
Tabel périodik
Symbol
Hf
Ga
Panggil Group
4
14
13
5
Panggil periode
6
4
Block
d block
p pemblokiran
Family unsur
transisi Metal
Transisi Post-
CAS Number
7440586
30
7440553
32
Jeneng papan Group
P63 / mmc
Cmca
Space Group Number
194.00
5
64.00
9
facts
Facts Interesting
- Hafnium logam reaktif, Empu ora ketemu gratis ing alam.
- metal Hafnium minangka predicated sawise Mendeleev rampung tabel périodik kang.
- A gram saka logam Gallium bisa tuku mung telung dolar.
- Panerapan logam ketemu ing ores bab ing ngisor iki Coal, Bauksit, Diaspore, sphalerite, germanite lan Seng.
sumber
Miturut-produk Nyaring panggolekan Zirconium
bumi lemah ndhuwur, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals
History
sing katutup
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Discovery
ing taun 1922
ing taun 1875
turah mbrawah
Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
7 * 10-8 %
25
1 * 10-6 %
16
Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.000004 %
16
Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
0.00 %
37
0.00 %
16
Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
0.00 %
31
0.00 %
24
Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
0.00 %
27
0.00 %
22
ulah
Ulah lan Wuku
Character length exceed error
- Panerapan arsenida punika komponèn penting banget akeh semikonduktor lan manufaktur mimpin.
- Panerapan nitride uga ngerti minangka semikonduktor lan digunakake ing teknologi Blu-ray, Smartphone mobile lan LED.
Ulah Industrial
Industry amunisi
Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Ulah Medical
NA
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Ulah liyane
wesi, Ing Reactors Nuclear, Nuclear Riset, tujuan Research
wesi
Properties biologi
keracunan
Toxic
non Toxic
Saiki ing badan Human
Ora
Ya
Sang
ora Sumadhiya
0.08 Sang / mg dm-3
13
fisik Properties
leleh Point
2,150.00 ° C
10
29.78 ° C
99+
Boiling Point
5,400.00 ° C
5
2,403.00 ° C
99+
katon
State fisik
Solid
Solid
warna
Gray
perak Putih
luster
metallic
metallic
atose
Mohs atose
5.50
7
1.50
18
Brinell atose
1,450.00 MPa
6
56.80 MPa
99+
Vickers atose
1,520.00 MPa
5
ora Sumadhiya
Kacepetan swara
3,010.00 m / s
27
2,740.00 m / s
31
Properties Optical
allotropes
Ora
Ora
α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Kimia Properties
Formula Kimia
Hf
Ga
isotop
Isotop dikenal
32
7
24
15
keelektronegatifan
Pauling Elektronegativitas
1.30
32
1.81
15
Sanderson Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya
2.42
2
Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
1.23
25
1.82
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya
2.01
5
Allen Elektronegativitas
1.16
37
1.76
14
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70
22
2.19
39
tenogo ionisasi
Level Energy 1st
658.50 kJ / mol
40
578.80 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 2
1,440.00 kJ / mol
99+
1,979.30 kJ / mol
13
Level Energy 3rd
2,250.00 kJ / mol
99+
2,963.00 kJ / mol
28
Level Energy 4
3,216.00 kJ / mol
99+
6,180.00 kJ / mol
8
padha karo elektrokimia
1.66 g / amp-day
99+
0.87 g / amp-day
99+
Fungsi Work elektron
3.90 eV
27
4.20 eV
23
Properties Kimia liyane
anti Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan
ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif
atom Properties
Panggil atom
72
99+
31
99+
Konfigurasi elektron
[Xe] 4F 14 5d 2 6s 2
[Ar] 3d 10 4s 2 4p 1
Struktur Crystal
Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)
Orthorhombic (Orth)
Crystal pola
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
atom
Jumlah proton
72
99+
31
99+
Jumlah Neutron
106
29
39
99+
Jumlah Èlèktron
72
99+
31
99+
Radius saka Atom
Radius atom
159.00 pm
28
135.00 pm
99+
kovalen Radius
175.00 pm
23
122.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
187.00 pm
32
Bobot atom
178.49 Amu
39
69.72 Amu
99+
Volume atom
13.60 cm3 / mol
38
11.80 cm3 / mol
99+
Nomer atom jejer
Potensi Valence Electron
81.00 (-eV)
16
69.70 (-eV)
19
Constant pola
319.64 pm
99+
451.97 pm
18
pola Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Pola C / A rasio
1.58
12
ora Sumadhiya
Teknik Properties
Kapadhetan
Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
13.31 g / cm 3
26
5.91 g / cm 3
99+
Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
12.00 g / cm3
12
6.10 g / cm3
99+
Strength tensile
445.00 MPa
8
ora Sumadhiya
viskositas
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
meksa beluk
Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
ora Sumadhiya
0.00 (Pa)
15
Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
24
ora Sumadhiya
situs kelenturan
nyukur pengaturan
30.00 GPA
23
ora Sumadhiya
pengaturan akeh
110.00 GPA
15
ora Sumadhiya
Young kang pengaturan
78.00 GPA
25
9.80 GPA
99+
Poisson rasio
0.37
7
0.47
1
Properties Teknik liyane
ductile, malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Ciri Magnetic
Gravitasi tartamtu
13.31
18
5.91
99+
Nindakake Magnetic
paramagnetic
diamagnetic
Properties Listrik
Property Listrik
Arman
Semiconductor
resistivity
331.00 nΩ · m
14
270.00 nΩ · m
15
konduktivitas listrik
0.03 10 6 / cm Ω
39
0.07 10 6 / cm Ω
29
elektron Affinity
0.00 kJ / mol
40
28.90 kJ / mol
31
termal Properties
Kalor tartamtu
0.14 J / (kg K)
37
0.37 J / (kg K)
16
Graham Kapasitas kalor
25.73 J / mol · K
36
25.86 J / mol · K
35
doyo termal
23.00 W / m · K
99+
40.60 W / m · K
34
suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Expansion termal
5.90 μm / (m · K)
99+
18.00 μm / (m · K)
24
enthalpy
Enthalpy panguapan
661.10 kJ / mol
5
256.10 kJ / mol
36
Enthalpy saka Fusion
25.10 kJ / mol
8
5.59 kJ / mol
99+
Enthalpy saka atomization
703.00 kJ / mol
5
276.10 kJ / mol
39
Standard molar Entropy
43.60 J / mol.K
34
40.80 J / mol.K
38
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