1 Tabel périodik
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Panggil Group
1.3 Panggil periode
1.4 Block
p pemblokiran
pemblokiran f
1.5 Family unsur
Transisi Post-
lanthanide
1.6 CAS Number
74407467440304
7429905
54386242
1.7 Jeneng papan Group
1.8 Space Group Number
2 facts
2.1 Facts Interesting
- Luster saka Indium iku padhang ing alam.
- Reich lan sugih padha looking for thallium ing logam seng lan lajeng manggihaken Indium logam.
- Thulium logam bisa nolak karat amarga hawa sing garing.
- Mung TM-169 isotop saka logam Thulium kelakon alamiah.
2.2 sumber
Mining, Ores logam
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 sing katutup
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter
Per Teodor Cleve
2.3.2 Discovery
ing taun 1863
ing taun 1879
2.4 turah mbrawah
2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
3 * 10-8 %1 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.0000004 %~0.00000002 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
2.4.4 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
2.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
2.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
1E-13
1.4
3 ulah
3.1 Ulah lan Wuku
- Kang digunakake kanggo gawé indium timah oxide (Ito), kang digunakake ing Manufaktur layar tutul, warata layar TV lan solar.
- nitride sawijining, phosphide lan antimonide digunakake ing transistor lan microchips.
- Thulium metal ngasilaké isotop sing mancaraken sinar-X. isotop iki digunakake ing mesin X-ray.
- Thulium unsur uga digunakake ing peralatan Surgical kaya laser.
3.1.1 Ulah Industrial
Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile
NA
3.1.2 Ulah Medical
3.1.3 Ulah liyane
wesi, Ing Reactors Nuclear
wesi, Nuclear Riset, tujuan Research
3.2 Properties biologi
3.2.1 keracunan
3.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human
3.2.3 Sang
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0
1970
3.2.4 ing Bone
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0
170000
4 fisik
4.1 leleh Point
156.61 ° C1,545.00 ° C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,000.00 ° C1,730.00 ° C
147
5660
4.3 katon
4.3.1 State fisik
4.3.2 warna
4.3.3 luster
4.4 atose
4.4.1 Mohs atose
1.20ora Sumadhiya
0.2
8.5
4.4.2 Brinell atose
8.80 MPa471.00 MPa
0.14
3490
4.4.3 Vickers atose
ora Sumadhiya520.00 MPa
121
3430
4.5 Kacepetan swara
1,215.00 m / sora Sumadhiya
818
16200
4.6 Properties Optical
4.6.1 bias Index
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
1.000933
1.7229
4.6.2 reflectivity
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
58
97
4.7 allotropes
4.7.1 α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
4.7.2 β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
4.7.3 γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
5 Kimia
5.1 Formula Kimia
5.2 isotop
5.2.1 Isotop dikenal
5.3 keelektronegatifan
5.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas
5.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas
2.14ora Sumadhiya
0.22
2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas
1.76ora Sumadhiya
0.62
2.48
5.3.5 Allen Elektronegativitas
1.66ora Sumadhiya
0.659
2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 tenogo ionisasi
5.5.1 Level Energy 1st
558.30 kJ / mol596.70 kJ / mol
375.7
26130
5.5.2 Level Energy 2
1,820.70 kJ / mol1,160.00 kJ / mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 Level Energy 3rd
2,704.00 kJ / mol2,285.00 kJ / mol
1600
34230
5.5.4 Level Energy 4
5,210.00 kJ / mol4,120.00 kJ / mol
2780
37066
5.5.5 Level Energy 5th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
4305.2
97510
5.5.6 Level Energy 6th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
5715.8
105800
5.5.7 tingkat Energy 7
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
7226.8
114300
5.5.8 Level Energy 8
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
8857.4
125300
5.5.9 Level Energy 9
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
14110
134700
5.5.10 Level Energy 10th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
17100
144300
5.5.11 Level Energy 11
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
19900
169988
5.5.12 Level Energy 12
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
22219
189368
5.5.13 Level Energy 13
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
26930
76015
5.5.14 Level Energy 14
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
29196
86450
5.5.15 Level Energy 15
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
41987
97510
5.5.16 Level Energy 16
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
47206
109480
5.5.17 Level Energy 17
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
52737
122200
5.5.18 Level Energy 18
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
58570
134810
5.5.19 Level Energy 19
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
64702
148700
5.5.20 Level Energy 20
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
80400
171200
5.5.21 Level Energy 21
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
87000
179100
5.5.22 Level Energy 22
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
93400
184900
5.5.23 Level Energy 23rd
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
98420
198800
5.5.24 Level Energy 24
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
104400
195200
5.5.25 Level Energy 25th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
121900
121900
5.5.26 Level Energy 26th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
127700
127700
5.5.27 Level Energy 27th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
133800
133800
5.5.28 Level Energy 28th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
139800
139800
5.5.29 Level Energy 29
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
148100
148100
5.5.30 Level Energy 30
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
154500
154500
5.6 padha karo elektrokimia
1.43 g / amp-day2.10 g / amp-day
0.16812
8.3209
5.7 Fungsi Work elektron
4.12 eVora Sumadhiya
2.14
5.65
5.8 Properties Kimia liyane
ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif, kelarutan
ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan
6 atom
6.1 Panggil atom
6.2 Konfigurasi elektron
[Kr] 4d 10 5S 2 5p 1
[Xe] 4F 13 6s 2
6.3 Struktur Crystal
Tetragonal (TETR)
Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal pola
6.4 atom
6.4.1 Jumlah proton
6.4.2 Jumlah Neutron
6.4.3 Jumlah Èlèktron
6.5 Radius saka Atom
6.5.1 Radius atom
167.00 pm176.00 pm
112
265
6.5.2 kovalen Radius
142.00 pm160.00 pm
96
260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pmora Sumadhiya
139
348
6.6 Bobot atom
114.82 Amu168.93 Amu
6.94
294
6.7 Volume atom
15.70 cm3 / mol18.10 cm3 / mol
1.39
71.07
6.8 Nomer atom jejer
6.8.1 unsur Previous
6.8.2 Sabanjure unsur
6.9 Potensi Valence Electron
54.00 (-eV)49.70 (-eV)
8
392.42
6.10 Constant pola
325.23 pm353.75 pm
228.58
891.25
6.11 pola Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Pola C / A rasio
ora Sumadhiya1.57
1.567
1.886
7 Teknik
7.1 Kapadhetan
7.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
7.31 g / cm 39.32 g / cm 3
0.534
40.7
7.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
7.02 g / cm38.56 g / cm3
0.512
20
7.2 Strength tensile
2.50 MPaora Sumadhiya
2.5
11000
7.3 viskositas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0.001526
0.001526
7.4 meksa beluk
7.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)0.06 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
7.4.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
2.62E-10
774
7.5 situs kelenturan
7.5.1 nyukur pengaturan
ora Sumadhiya30.50 GPA
1.3
222
7.5.2 pengaturan akeh
ora Sumadhiya44.50 GPA
1.6
462
7.5.3 Young kang pengaturan
11.00 GPA74.00 GPA
1.7
528
7.6 Poisson rasio
ora Sumadhiya0.21
0.032
0.47
7.7 Properties Teknik liyane
ductile, malleable
ductile, malleable
8 Magnetic
8.1 Ciri Magnetic
8.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu
8.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic
8.1.3 permeabilitas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
1.25643E-06
0.0063
8.1.4 kelemahan
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
-0.000166
200000
8.2 Properties Listrik
8.2.1 Property Listrik
8.2.2 resistivity
83.70 nΩ · m676.00 nΩ · m
0.18
961
8.2.3 konduktivitas listrik
0.12 10 6 / cm Ω0.02 10 6 / cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
8.2.4 elektron Affinity
28.90 kJ / mol50.00 kJ / mol
0
222.8
9 termal
9.1 Kalor tartamtu
0.23 J / (kg K)0.16 J / (kg K)
0.11
3.6
9.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor
26.74 J / mol · K27.03 J / mol · K
16.443
62.7
9.3 doyo termal
81.80 W / m · K16.90 W / m · K
6.3
429
9.4 suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
26.3
3223
9.5 Expansion termal
32.10 μm / (m · K)13.30 μm / (m · K)
4.5
97
9.6 enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan
226.40 kJ / mol191.00 kJ / mol
7.32
799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion
3.28 kJ / mol16.80 kJ / mol
2.1
35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization
242.70 kJ / mol247.00 kJ / mol
61.5
837
9.7 Standard molar Entropy
57.80 J / mol.K74.00 J / mol.K
9.5
198.1