mbandhingaké Hafnium lan thulium
Tabel périodik
Symbol
Hf
Tm
Panggil Group
4
14
ora Sumadhiya
Panggil periode
6
6
Block
d block
pemblokiran f
Family unsur
transisi Metal
lanthanide
CAS Number
7440586
30
7440304
99+
Jeneng papan Group
P63 / mmc
P63 / mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
facts
Facts Interesting
- Hafnium logam reaktif, Empu ora ketemu gratis ing alam.
- metal Hafnium minangka predicated sawise Mendeleev rampung tabel périodik kang.
- Thulium logam bisa nolak karat amarga hawa sing garing.
- Mung TM-169 isotop saka logam Thulium kelakon alamiah.
sumber
Miturut-produk Nyaring panggolekan Zirconium
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals
History
sing katutup
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy
Per Teodor Cleve
Discovery
ing taun 1922
ing taun 1879
turah mbrawah
Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
7 * 10-8 %
25
1 * 10-8 %
30
Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.00000002 %
28
Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
0.00 %
37
0.00 %
99+
Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
0.00 %
31
0.00 %
99+
Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
0.00 %
27
0.00 %
99+
ulah
Ulah lan Wuku
Character length exceed error
- Thulium metal ngasilaké isotop sing mancaraken sinar-X. isotop iki digunakake ing mesin X-ray.
- Thulium unsur uga digunakake ing peralatan Surgical kaya laser.
Ulah Industrial
Industry amunisi
NA
Ulah Medical
NA
NA
Ulah liyane
wesi, Ing Reactors Nuclear, Nuclear Riset, tujuan Research
wesi, Nuclear Riset, tujuan Research
Properties biologi
keracunan
Toxic
Unknown
Saiki ing badan Human
Ora
Ora
fisik Properties
leleh Point
2,150.00 ° C
10
1,545.00 ° C
23
Boiling Point
5,400.00 ° C
5
1,730.00 ° C
99+
katon
State fisik
Solid
Solid
warna
Gray
perak Gray
luster
metallic
metallic
atose
Mohs atose
5.50
7
ora Sumadhiya
Brinell atose
1,450.00 MPa
6
471.00 MPa
25
Vickers atose
1,520.00 MPa
5
520.00 MPa
21
Kacepetan swara
3,010.00 m / s
27
ora Sumadhiya
Properties Optical
allotropes
Ora
Ora
α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Kimia Properties
Formula Kimia
Hf
Tm
isotop
Isotop dikenal
32
7
32
7
keelektronegatifan
Pauling Elektronegativitas
1.30
32
1.25
35
Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
1.23
25
1.11
29
Allen Elektronegativitas
1.16
37
ora Sumadhiya
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70
22
2.75
19
tenogo ionisasi
Level Energy 1st
658.50 kJ / mol
40
596.70 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 2
1,440.00 kJ / mol
99+
1,160.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 3rd
2,250.00 kJ / mol
99+
2,285.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 4
3,216.00 kJ / mol
99+
4,120.00 kJ / mol
33
padha karo elektrokimia
1.66 g / amp-day
99+
2.10 g / amp-day
26
Fungsi Work elektron
3.90 eV
27
ora Sumadhiya
Properties Kimia liyane
anti Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan
ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan
atom Properties
Panggil atom
72
99+
69
99+
Konfigurasi elektron
[Xe] 4F 14 5d 2 6s 2
[Xe] 4F 13 6s 2
Struktur Crystal
Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)
Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)
Crystal pola
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100
atom
Jumlah proton
72
99+
69
99+
Jumlah Neutron
106
29
100
32
Jumlah Èlèktron
72
99+
69
99+
Radius saka Atom
Radius atom
159.00 pm
28
176.00 pm
18
kovalen Radius
175.00 pm
23
160.00 pm
30
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
ora Sumadhiya
Bobot atom
178.49 Amu
39
168.93 Amu
99+
Volume atom
13.60 cm3 / mol
38
18.10 cm3 / mol
28
Nomer atom jejer
Potensi Valence Electron
81.00 (-eV)
16
49.70 (-eV)
28
Constant pola
319.64 pm
99+
353.75 pm
40
pola Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Pola C / A rasio
1.58
12
1.57
17
Teknik Properties
Kapadhetan
Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
13.31 g / cm 3
26
9.32 g / cm 3
40
Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
12.00 g / cm3
12
8.56 g / cm3
24
Strength tensile
445.00 MPa
8
ora Sumadhiya
viskositas
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
meksa beluk
Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
ora Sumadhiya
0.06 (Pa)
10
Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
24
ora Sumadhiya
situs kelenturan
nyukur pengaturan
30.00 GPA
23
30.50 GPA
22
pengaturan akeh
110.00 GPA
15
44.50 GPA
26
Young kang pengaturan
78.00 GPA
25
74.00 GPA
27
Poisson rasio
0.37
7
0.21
31
Properties Teknik liyane
ductile, malleable
ductile, malleable
Magnetic Properties
Ciri Magnetic
Gravitasi tartamtu
13.31
18
9.32
31
Nindakake Magnetic
paramagnetic
paramagnetic
Properties Listrik
Property Listrik
Arman
Arman
resistivity
331.00 nΩ · m
14
676.00 nΩ · m
5
konduktivitas listrik
0.03 10 6 / cm Ω
39
0.02 10 6 / cm Ω
99+
elektron Affinity
0.00 kJ / mol
40
50.00 kJ / mol
21
termal Properties
Kalor tartamtu
0.14 J / (kg K)
37
0.16 J / (kg K)
35
Graham Kapasitas kalor
25.73 J / mol · K
36
27.03 J / mol · K
22
doyo termal
23.00 W / m · K
99+
16.90 W / m · K
99+
suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Expansion termal
5.90 μm / (m · K)
99+
13.30 μm / (m · K)
29
enthalpy
Enthalpy panguapan
661.10 kJ / mol
5
191.00 kJ / mol
99+
Enthalpy saka Fusion
25.10 kJ / mol
8
16.80 kJ / mol
17
Enthalpy saka atomization
703.00 kJ / mol
5
247.00 kJ / mol
99+
Standard molar Entropy
43.60 J / mol.K
34
74.00 J / mol.K
9
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