mbandhingaké Holmium lan Gadolinium
Tabel périodik
Symbol
Ho
Gd
Panggil Group
ora Sumadhiya
0
18
Panggil periode
6
6
Block
pemblokiran f
pemblokiran f
Family unsur
lanthanide
lanthanide
CAS Number
7440600
29
7440542
33
Jeneng papan Group
P63 / mmc
P63 / mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
facts
Facts Interesting
- metal Holmium sanget alus lan malleable.
- metal Holmium uga dikenal kanggo resistivity sawijining karat.
- Gadolinium ora ketemu gratis ing alam, Empu iku ora logam native.
- metal Gadolinium ditemokaké ing mineral Monazite lan bastnaesite.
sumber
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
sing katutup
Marc Delafontaine
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Discovery
ing taun 1878
ing taun 1880
turah mbrawah
Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
5 * 10-8 %
27
2 * 10-7 %
22
Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000002 %
25
Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
34
Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
0.00 %
38
0.00 %
30
Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
38
ulah
Ulah lan Wuku
- metal Holmium duwe kemampuan kanggo nresep neutron, supaya logam iki digunakake ing reaktor nuklir kanggo njaga reaksi berantai saka unsur ing kontrol.
- Wesi saka Holmium digunakake kanggo gawé Magnet.
- wesi uga digunakake ing nggawe Magnets, komponen elektronik lan piranti panyimpenan data.
- Senyawa saka logam Gadolinium digunakake ing magnetik résonansi (MRI).
Ulah Industrial
NA
Industry Aerospace, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Ulah Medical
NA
NA
Ulah liyane
wesi, Nuclear Riset
wesi
Properties biologi
keracunan
Low Toxic
non Toxic
Saiki ing badan Human
Ora
Ora
fisik Properties
leleh Point
1,461.00 ° C
30
1,311.00 ° C
35
Boiling Point
2,600.00 ° C
99+
3,233.00 ° C
25
katon
State fisik
Solid
Solid
warna
perak Putih
perak Putih
luster
metallic
metallic
atose
Brinell atose
746.00 MPa
13
ora Sumadhiya
Vickers atose
481.00 MPa
23
510.00 MPa
22
Kacepetan swara
2,760.00 m / s
30
2,680.00 m / s
34
Properties Optical
allotropes
Ora
Ora
α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Kimia Properties
Formula Kimia
Ho
Gd
isotop
Isotop dikenal
34
5
26
13
keelektronegatifan
Pauling Elektronegativitas
1.23
37
1.20
39
Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
1.10
30
1.11
29
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.77
17
2.80
15
tenogo ionisasi
Level Energy 1st
581.00 kJ / mol
99+
593.40 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 2
1,140.00 kJ / mol
99+
1,170.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 3rd
2,204.00 kJ / mol
99+
1,990.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 4
4,100.00 kJ / mol
34
4,250.00 kJ / mol
30
padha karo elektrokimia
2.02 g / amp-day
29
1.96 g / amp-day
32
Fungsi Work elektron
ora Sumadhiya
3.10 eV
35
Properties Kimia liyane
Kimia Stabilitas, anti Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan
Corrosion, kebakar, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif
atom Properties
Panggil atom
67
99+
64
99+
Konfigurasi elektron
[Xe] 4F 11 6s 2
[Xe] 4F 7 5d 1 6s 2
Struktur Crystal
Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)
Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)
Crystal pola
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Holmium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100
atom
Jumlah proton
67
99+
64
99+
Jumlah Neutron
98
34
93
37
Jumlah Èlèktron
67
99+
64
99+
Radius saka Atom
Radius atom
176.00 pm
18
180.00 pm
14
kovalen Radius
192.00 pm
17
196.00 pm
14
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm
24
237.00 pm
15
Bobot atom
164.93 Amu
99+
47.87 Amu
99+
Volume atom
18.70 cm3 / mol
24
19.90 cm3 / mol
20
Nomer atom jejer
Potensi Valence Electron
47.90 (-eV)
31
46.10 (-eV)
34
Constant pola
357.73 pm
38
363.60 pm
32
pola Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Pola C / A rasio
1.57
17
1.59
9
Teknik Properties
Kapadhetan
Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
8.79 g / cm 3
99+
7.90 g / cm 3
99+
Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
8.34 g / cm3
26
7.40 g / cm3
31
Strength tensile
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
viskositas
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
meksa beluk
Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
16
0.00 (Pa)
30
Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
ora Sumadhiya
7.39 (Pa)
9
situs kelenturan
nyukur pengaturan
26.30 GPA
28
21.80 GPA
33
pengaturan akeh
40.20 GPA
32
37.90 GPA
34
Young kang pengaturan
64.80 GPA
31
54.80 GPA
35
Poisson rasio
0.23
29
0.26
23
Properties Teknik liyane
ductile, malleable, Sectile
ductile, malleable
Magnetic Properties
Ciri Magnetic
Gravitasi tartamtu
8.80
35
7.90
40
Nindakake Magnetic
paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Properties Listrik
Property Listrik
Arman
Arman
resistivity
814.00 nΩ · m
4
1.31 nΩ · m
99+
konduktivitas listrik
0.01 10 6 / cm Ω
99+
0.01 10 6 / cm Ω
99+
elektron Affinity
50.00 kJ / mol
21
50.00 kJ / mol
21
termal Properties
Kalor tartamtu
0.16 J / (kg K)
35
0.23 J / (kg K)
27
Graham Kapasitas kalor
27.15 J / mol · K
19
37.03 J / mol · K
2
doyo termal
16.20 W / m · K
99+
10.60 W / m · K
99+
suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Expansion termal
11.20 μm / (m · K)
35
9.40 μm / (m · K)
99+
enthalpy
Enthalpy panguapan
241.00 kJ / mol
38
359.40 kJ / mol
21
Enthalpy saka Fusion
11.76 kJ / mol
29
10.05 kJ / mol
36
Enthalpy saka atomization
301.00 kJ / mol
36
352.00 kJ / mol
27
Standard molar Entropy
75.30 J / mol.K
8
68.10 J / mol.K
16
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