kobalt

Nickel

mbandhingaké kobalt lan Nickel

kobalt

Nickel

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

910

0 17

1.3 Panggil periode

2 7

1.4 Block

d block

1.5 Family unsur

transisi Metal

1.6 CAS Number

74404847440020

7429905 54386242

1.7 Jeneng papan Group

P63 / mmc

Fm_ 3M

1.8 Space Group Number

194.00225.00

11 229

2 facts

2.1 Facts Interesting

Character length exceed error

Seng logam ketemu (diwenehi) ing akeh formulir kaya granules, foil, bledug lan ing wangun bubuk.
Sawise wesi, Seng logam kaloro paling akeh ing kerak bumi.

2.2 sumber

Found in Senyawa, Mining, Ores saka Minerals

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 sing katutup

Georg Brandt

Axel Fredrik Cronstedt

2.3.2 Discovery

ing 1732

ing 1751

2.4 turah mbrawah

2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

3 * 10^-4 %6 * 10^-3 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~0.0004 %~0.008 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

0.06 %1.30 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

0.00 %0.01 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

0.00 %0.00 %

1E-13 1.4

3 ulah

3.1 Ulah lan Wuku

Sawijining wesi aluminium lan nikel sing digunakake kanggo nggawe wesi sembrani kuat.
Sawetara wesi liyane ngetokne kekuatan-suhu dhuwur lan Empu padha digunakake ing Turbines saka Jet lan Gas engine.

Wis resistance karat lan Empu iku digunakake kanggo piring logam.
wesi banget migunani; alloy Nichrome digunakake ing kumparan panas saka toasters lan open listrik.

3.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

Industry automobile, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

3.1.2 Ulah Medical

Industry Pharmaceutical

3.1.3 Ulah liyane

wesi

3.2 Properties biologi

3.2.1 keracunan

Toxic

3.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

3.2.3 Sang

0.04 Sang / mg dm-30.05 Sang / mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 ing Bone

0.04 ppm0.70 ppm

0 170000

4 fisik

4.1 leleh Point

1,495.00 ° C1,453.00 ° C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

2,870.00 ° C2,732.00 ° C

147 5660

4.3 katon

4.3.1 State fisik

Solid

4.3.2 warna

Gray

Silver

4.3.3 luster

metallic

4.4 atose

4.4.1 Mohs atose

5.004.00

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell atose

470.00 MPa667.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers atose

1,043.00 MPa638.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Kacepetan swara

4,720.00 m / s4,900.00 m / s

818 16200

4.6 Properties Optical

4.6.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 reflectivity

67.00 %72.00 %

58 97

4.7 allotropes

Ora

4.7.1 α allotropes

α-kobalt

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.2 β allotropes

β-kobalt

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

5 Kimia

5.1 Formula Kimia

5.2 isotop

5.2.1 Isotop dikenal

2625

0 38

5.3 keelektronegatifan

5.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

1.881.91

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

2.561.94

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.701.75

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Elektronegativitas

1.841.88

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.122.09

1.46 3.3

5.5 tenogo ionisasi

5.5.1 Level Energy 1st

760.40 kJ / mol737.10 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 Level Energy 2

1,648.00 kJ / mol1,753.00 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 Level Energy 3rd

3,232.00 kJ / mol3,395.00 kJ / mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 Level Energy 4

4,950.00 kJ / mol5,300.00 kJ / mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 Level Energy 5th

7,670.00 kJ / mol7,339.00 kJ / mol

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 Level Energy 6th

9,840.00 kJ / mol10,400.00 kJ / mol

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 tingkat Energy 7

12,440.00 kJ / mol12,800.00 kJ / mol

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 Level Energy 8

15,230.00 kJ / mol15,600.00 kJ / mol

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 Level Energy 9

17,959.00 kJ / mol18,600.00 kJ / mol

14110 134700

5.5.10 Level Energy 10th

26,570.00 kJ / mol21,670.00 kJ / mol

17100 144300

5.5.11 Level Energy 11

29,400.00 kJ / mol30,970.00 kJ / mol

19900 169988

5.5.12 Level Energy 12

32,400.00 kJ / mol34,000.00 kJ / mol

22219 189368

5.5.13 Level Energy 13

36,600.00 kJ / mol37,100.00 kJ / mol

26930 76015

5.5.14 Level Energy 14

39,700.00 kJ / mol41,500.00 kJ / mol

29196 86450

5.5.15 Level Energy 15

42,800.00 kJ / mol44,800.00 kJ / mol

41987 97510

5.5.16 Level Energy 16

49,396.00 kJ / mol48,100.00 kJ / mol

47206 109480

5.5.17 Level Energy 17

52,737.00 kJ / mol55,101.00 kJ / mol

52737 122200

5.5.18 Level Energy 18

134,810.00 kJ / mol58,570.00 kJ / mol

58570 134810

5.5.19 Level Energy 19

145,170.00 kJ / mol148,700.00 kJ / mol

64702 148700

5.5.20 Level Energy 20

154,700.00 kJ / mol159,000.00 kJ / mol

80400 171200

5.5.21 Level Energy 21

167,400.00 kJ / mol169,400.00 kJ / mol

87000 179100

5.5.22 Level Energy 22

178,100.00 kJ / mol182,700.00 kJ / mol

93400 184900

5.5.23 Level Energy 23rd

189,300.00 kJ / mol194,000.00 kJ / mol

98420 198800

5.5.24 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

5.5.25 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

5.5.26 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

5.5.27 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

5.5.28 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

5.5.29 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

5.5.30 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

5.6 padha karo elektrokimia

1.10 g / amp-day1.10 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Fungsi Work elektron

5.00 eV5.15 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Properties Kimia liyane

Kimia Stabilitas, ionisasi

anti Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif

6 atom

6.1 Panggil atom

2228

3 117

6.2 Konfigurasi elektron

[Ar] 3d ² 4s ²

[Ar] 3d ⁸ 4s ² Utawa [Ar] 3d ⁹ 4s ¹

6.3 Struktur Crystal

Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)

Face tengah kubik (FCC)

6.3.1 Crystal pola

6.4 atom

6.4.1 Jumlah proton

2228

3 117

6.4.2 Jumlah Neutron

2631

4 184

6.4.3 Jumlah Èlèktron

2228

3 117

6.5 Radius saka Atom

6.5.1 Radius atom

147.00 pm124.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 kovalen Radius

160.00 pm124.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

200.00 pm163.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Bobot atom

47.87 Amu58.69 Amu

6.94 294

6.7 Volume atom

10.64 cm3 / mol6.59 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Nomer atom jejer

6.8.1 unsur Previous

6.8.2 Sabanjure unsur

6.9 Potensi Valence Electron

95.20 (-eV)42.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Constant pola

295.08 pm352.40 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Pola C / A rasio

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.567 1.886

7 Teknik

7.1 Kapadhetan

7.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

4.51 g / cm ³8.91 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

4.11 g / cm37.81 g / cm3

0.512 20

7.2 Strength tensile

434.00 MPa345.00 MPa

2.5 11000

7.3 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 meksa beluk

7.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

ora Sumadhiya0.00 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

0.98 (Pa)19.50 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

7.5 situs kelenturan

7.5.1 nyukur pengaturan

44.00 GPA76.00 GPA

1.3 222

7.5.2 pengaturan akeh

110.00 GPA180.00 GPA

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young kang pengaturan

116.00 GPA200.00 GPA

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson rasio

0.320.31

0.032 0.47

7.7 Properties Teknik liyane

ductile

8 Magnetic

8.1 Ciri Magnetic

8.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

4,500.008.90

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic

paramagnetic

Ferromagnetic

8.1.3 permeabilitas

ora Sumadhiya0.00 H / m

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 kelemahan

ora Sumadhiya600.00

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Properties Listrik

8.2.1 Property Listrik

Arman miskin

Arman

8.2.2 resistivity

420.00 nΩ · m69.30 nΩ · m

0.18 961

8.2.3 konduktivitas listrik

0.02 10 ⁶ / cm Ω0.14 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 elektron Affinity

7.60 kJ / mol112.00 kJ / mol

0 222.8

9 termal

9.1 Kalor tartamtu

0.52 J / (kg K)0.44 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor

25.06 J / mol · K26.07 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

9.3 doyo termal

21.90 W / m · K90.90 W / m · K

6.3 429

9.4 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

9.5 Expansion termal

8.60 μm / (m · K)13.40 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

9.6 enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan

429.00 kJ / mol371.80 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion

15.48 kJ / mol17.57 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization

468.60 kJ / mol422.60 kJ / mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard molar Entropy

27.30 J / mol.K29.90 J / mol.K

9.5 198.1

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