kobalt

thulium

mbandhingaké kobalt lan thulium

kobalt

thulium

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

9ora Sumadhiya

0 17

1.3 Panggil periode

2 7

1.4 Block

d block

pemblokiran f

1.5 Family unsur

transisi Metal

lanthanide

1.6 CAS Number

74404847440304

7429905 54386242

1.2 Jeneng papan Group

P63 / mmc

1.3 Space Group Number

194.00194.00

11 229

2 facts

2.1 Facts Interesting

Character length exceed error

Thulium logam bisa nolak karat amarga hawa sing garing.
Mung TM-169 isotop saka logam Thulium kelakon alamiah.

2.2 sumber

Found in Senyawa, Mining, Ores saka Minerals

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 sing katutup

Georg Brandt

Per Teodor Cleve

2.3.2 Discovery

ing 1732

ing taun 1879

2.4 turah mbrawah

2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

3 * 10^-4 %1 * 10^-8 %

5E-09 0.11

2.7.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~0.0004 %~0.00000002 %

1E-08 0.1

2.7.4 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

0.06 %0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.7.5 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

0.00 %0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.7.7 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.8.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

0.00 %ora Sumadhiya

1E-13 1.4

3 ulah

3.1 Ulah lan Wuku

Sawijining wesi aluminium lan nikel sing digunakake kanggo nggawe wesi sembrani kuat.
Sawetara wesi liyane ngetokne kekuatan-suhu dhuwur lan Empu padha digunakake ing Turbines saka Jet lan Gas engine.

Thulium metal ngasilaké isotop sing mancaraken sinar-X. isotop iki digunakake ing mesin X-ray.
Thulium unsur uga digunakake ing peralatan Surgical kaya laser.

3.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

3.1.2 Ulah Medical

Industry Pharmaceutical

3.1.3 Ulah liyane

wesi

wesi, Nuclear Riset, tujuan Research

3.2 Properties biologi

3.2.1 keracunan

Toxic

Unknown

3.2.3 Saiki ing badan Human

Ora

3.2.4 Sang

0.04 Sang / mg dm-3ora Sumadhiya

0 1970

3.3.1 ing Bone

0.04 ppmora Sumadhiya

0 170000

4 fisik

4.1 leleh Point

1,495.00 ° C1,545.00 ° C

27 3410

4.4 Boiling Point

2,870.00 ° C1,730.00 ° C

147 5660

4.6 katon

4.6.1 State fisik

Solid

4.6.2 warna

Gray

perak Gray

4.6.3 luster

metallic

4.7 atose

4.7.1 Mohs atose

5.00ora Sumadhiya

0.2 8.5

4.9.1 Brinell atose

470.00 MPa471.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.9.2 Vickers atose

1,043.00 MPa520.00 MPa

121 3430

4.10 Kacepetan swara

4,720.00 m / sora Sumadhiya

818 16200

4.11 Properties Optical

4.11.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

4.11.2 reflectivity

67.00 %ora Sumadhiya

58 97

4.12 allotropes

Ora

4.12.1 α allotropes

α-kobalt

ora Sumadhiya

4.12.2 β allotropes

β-kobalt

ora Sumadhiya

4.12.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

5 Kimia

5.1 Formula Kimia

5.2 isotop

5.2.1 Isotop dikenal

2632

0 38

5.3 keelektronegatifan

5.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

1.881.25

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

2.56ora Sumadhiya

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.701.11

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Elektronegativitas

1.84ora Sumadhiya

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.122.75

1.46 3.3

5.5 tenogo ionisasi

5.5.1 Level Energy 1st

760.40 kJ / mol596.70 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 Level Energy 2

1,648.00 kJ / mol1,160.00 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 Level Energy 3rd

3,232.00 kJ / mol2,285.00 kJ / mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 Level Energy 4

4,950.00 kJ / mol4,120.00 kJ / mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 Level Energy 5th

7,670.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 Level Energy 6th

9,840.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 tingkat Energy 7

12,440.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 Level Energy 8

15,230.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 Level Energy 9

17,959.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

14110 134700

5.5.10 Level Energy 10th

26,570.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

17100 144300

5.5.11 Level Energy 11

29,400.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

19900 169988

5.5.12 Level Energy 12

32,400.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

22219 189368

5.5.13 Level Energy 13

36,600.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

26930 76015

5.5.14 Level Energy 14

39,700.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

29196 86450

5.5.15 Level Energy 15

42,800.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

41987 97510

5.5.16 Level Energy 16

49,396.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

47206 109480

5.5.17 Level Energy 17

52,737.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

52737 122200

5.5.18 Level Energy 18

134,810.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

58570 134810

5.5.19 Level Energy 19

145,170.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

64702 148700

5.5.20 Level Energy 20

154,700.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

80400 171200

5.5.21 Level Energy 21

167,400.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

87000 179100

5.5.22 Level Energy 22

178,100.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

93400 184900

5.5.23 Level Energy 23rd

189,300.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

98420 198800

5.5.24 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

5.5.25 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

5.5.26 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

5.5.27 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

5.5.28 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

5.5.29 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

5.5.30 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

5.6 padha karo elektrokimia

1.10 g / amp-day2.10 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Fungsi Work elektron

5.00 eVora Sumadhiya

2.14 5.65

5.8 Properties Kimia liyane

Kimia Stabilitas, ionisasi

ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan

6 atom

6.1 Panggil atom

2269

3 117

6.2 Konfigurasi elektron

[Ar] 3d ² 4s ²

[Xe] 4F ¹³ 6s ²

6.3 Struktur Crystal

Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)

6.3.1 Crystal pola

6.4 atom

6.4.1 Jumlah proton

2269

3 117

6.4.2 Jumlah Neutron

26100

4 184

6.4.3 Jumlah Èlèktron

2269

3 117

6.5 Radius saka Atom

6.5.1 Radius atom

147.00 pm176.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 kovalen Radius

160.00 pm160.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

200.00 pmora Sumadhiya

139 348

6.6 Bobot atom

47.87 Amu168.93 Amu

6.94 294

6.7 Volume atom

10.64 cm3 / mol18.10 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Nomer atom jejer

6.8.1 unsur Previous

6.8.2 Sabanjure unsur

6.9 Potensi Valence Electron

95.20 (-eV)49.70 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Constant pola

295.08 pm353.75 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

6.12 Pola C / A rasio

ora Sumadhiya1.57

1.567 1.886

7 Teknik

7.1 Kapadhetan

7.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

4.51 g / cm ³9.32 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

4.11 g / cm38.56 g / cm3

0.512 20

7.2 Strength tensile

434.00 MPaora Sumadhiya

2.5 11000

7.3 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 meksa beluk

7.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

ora Sumadhiya0.06 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

0.98 (Pa)ora Sumadhiya

2.62E-10 774

7.5 situs kelenturan

7.5.1 nyukur pengaturan

44.00 GPA30.50 GPA

1.3 222

7.5.2 pengaturan akeh

110.00 GPA44.50 GPA

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young kang pengaturan

116.00 GPA74.00 GPA

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson rasio

0.320.21

0.032 0.47

7.7 Properties Teknik liyane

ductile

ductile, malleable

8 Magnetic

8.1 Ciri Magnetic

8.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

4,500.009.32

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic

paramagnetic

8.1.3 permeabilitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 kelemahan

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Properties Listrik

8.2.1 Property Listrik

Arman miskin

Arman

8.2.2 resistivity

420.00 nΩ · m676.00 nΩ · m

0.18 961

8.2.3 konduktivitas listrik

0.02 10 ⁶ / cm Ω0.02 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 elektron Affinity

7.60 kJ / mol50.00 kJ / mol

0 222.8

9 termal

9.1 Kalor tartamtu

0.52 J / (kg K)0.16 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor

25.06 J / mol · K27.03 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

9.3 doyo termal

21.90 W / m · K16.90 W / m · K

6.3 429

9.4 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

9.5 Expansion termal

8.60 μm / (m · K)13.30 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

9.6 enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan

429.00 kJ / mol191.00 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion

15.48 kJ / mol16.80 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization

468.60 kJ / mol247.00 kJ / mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard molar Entropy

27.30 J / mol.K74.00 J / mol.K

9.5 198.1

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