Niobium

tembaga

mbandhingaké Niobium lan tembaga

Niobium

tembaga

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

511

0 17

1.3 Panggil periode

2 7

1.4 Block

d block

1.5 Family unsur

transisi Metal

1.6 CAS Number

74400317440508

7429905 54386242

1.7 Jeneng papan Group

3M Im_

Fm_ 3M

1.8 Space Group Number

229.00225.00

11 229

2 facts

2.1 Facts Interesting

metal Niobium iki digunakake kanggo njaluk disebut Columbium ing past.
metal Niobium ketemu ing alam bebas (turah mbrawah).

Tembaga arang ditemokaké ing wangun murni ing alam.

Tembaga Sulfat biasane digunakake ing racun tetanèn lan minangka algicide ing sistem banyu dimurnèkaké.

2.2 sumber

Miturut-produk saka Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals

Found in Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 sing katutup

Charles Hatchett

Unknown

2.3.2 Discovery

ing taun 1801

Ing Timur Tengah (9000 SM)

2.4 turah mbrawah

2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

2 * 10^-7 %6 * 10^-6 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~0.0000004 %~0.00007 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

0.00 %0.01 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

0.00 %0.01 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

ora Sumadhiya0.00 %

1E-13 1.4

3 ulah

3.1 Ulah lan Wuku

Character length exceed error

Iku digunakake kanggo koin lan bullion.
Akèh unsur tembaga digunakake ing Manufaktur Alat listrik lan elektronik kayata wirings lan komponen. Sampeyan uga dipigunakaké ing construction lan mesin industri.

3.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industry Aerospace, Industry amunisi, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

Industri Kimia, Industry Elektronik

3.1.2 Ulah Medical

3.1.3 Ulah liyane

wesi

wesi, koin, Jewellery

3.2 Properties biologi

3.2.1 keracunan

Low Toxic

non Toxic

3.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

3.2.3 Sang

0.01 Sang / mg dm-31.01 Sang / mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 ing Bone

0.07 ppm26.00 ppm

0 170000

4 fisik

4.1 leleh Point

2,468.00 ° C1,084.62 ° C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

2,468.00 ° C2,562.00 ° C

147 5660

4.3 katon

4.3.1 State fisik

Solid

4.3.2 warna

Gray

tembaga

4.3.3 luster

metallic

4.4 atose

4.4.1 Mohs atose

6.003.00

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell atose

735.00 MPa235.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers atose

870.00 MPa343.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Kacepetan swara

3,480.00 m / s3,810.00 m / s

818 16200

4.6 Properties Optical

4.6.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 reflectivity

ora Sumadhiya90.00 %

58 97

4.7 allotropes

Ora

4.7.1 α allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.2 β allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

5 Kimia

5.1 Formula Kimia

5.2 isotop

5.2.1 Isotop dikenal

1729

0 38

5.3 keelektronegatifan

5.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

1.601.90

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

1.421.98

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.231.75

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiya1.49

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Elektronegativitas

1.411.85

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.402.10

1.46 3.3

5.5 tenogo ionisasi

5.5.1 Level Energy 1st

652.10 kJ / mol745.50 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 Level Energy 2

1,380.00 kJ / mol1,957.90 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 Level Energy 3rd

2,416.00 kJ / mol3,555.00 kJ / mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 Level Energy 4

3,700.00 kJ / mol5,536.00 kJ / mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 Level Energy 5th

4,877.00 kJ / mol7,700.00 kJ / mol

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 Level Energy 6th

9,847.00 kJ / mol9,900.00 kJ / mol

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 tingkat Energy 7

12,100.00 kJ / mol13,400.00 kJ / mol

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 Level Energy 8

ora Sumadhiya16,000.00 kJ / mol

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 Level Energy 9

ora Sumadhiya19,200.00 kJ / mol

14110 134700

5.5.10 Level Energy 10th

ora Sumadhiya22,400.00 kJ / mol

17100 144300

5.5.11 Level Energy 11

ora Sumadhiya25,600.00 kJ / mol

19900 169988

5.5.12 Level Energy 12

ora Sumadhiya35,600.00 kJ / mol

22219 189368

5.5.13 Level Energy 13

ora Sumadhiya38,700.00 kJ / mol

26930 76015

5.5.14 Level Energy 14

ora Sumadhiya42,000.00 kJ / mol

29196 86450

5.5.15 Level Energy 15

ora Sumadhiya46,700.00 kJ / mol

41987 97510

5.5.16 Level Energy 16

ora Sumadhiya50,200.00 kJ / mol

47206 109480

5.5.17 Level Energy 17

ora Sumadhiya53,700.00 kJ / mol

52737 122200

5.5.18 Level Energy 18

ora Sumadhiya61,100.00 kJ / mol

58570 134810

5.5.19 Level Energy 19

ora Sumadhiya64,702.00 kJ / mol

64702 148700

5.5.20 Level Energy 20

ora Sumadhiya163,700.00 kJ / mol

80400 171200

5.5.21 Level Energy 21

ora Sumadhiya174,100.00 kJ / mol

87000 179100

5.5.22 Level Energy 22

ora Sumadhiya184,900.00 kJ / mol

93400 184900

5.5.23 Level Energy 23rd

ora Sumadhiya198,800.00 kJ / mol

98420 198800

5.5.24 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

5.5.25 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

5.5.26 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

5.5.27 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

5.5.28 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

5.5.29 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

5.5.30 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

5.6 padha karo elektrokimia

0.69 g / amp-day1.19 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Fungsi Work elektron

4.30 eV4.65 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Properties Kimia liyane

anti Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan

Kimia Stabilitas, Corrosion, ionisasi, kelarutan

6 atom

6.1 Panggil atom

4129

3 117

6.2 Konfigurasi elektron

[Kr] 4d ⁴ 5S ¹

[Ar] 3d ¹⁰ 4s ¹

6.3 Struktur Crystal

Body tengah kubik (Bcc)

Face tengah kubik (FCC)

6.3.1 Crystal pola

6.4 atom

6.4.1 Jumlah proton

4129

3 117

6.4.2 Jumlah Neutron

5235

4 184

6.4.3 Jumlah Èlèktron

4129

3 117

6.5 Radius saka Atom

6.5.1 Radius atom

146.00 pm128.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 kovalen Radius

164.00 pm132.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

200.00 pm140.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Bobot atom

92.91 Amu63.55 Amu

6.94 294

6.7 Volume atom

10.87 cm3 / mol7.10 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Nomer atom jejer

6.8.1 unsur Previous

6.8.2 Sabanjure unsur

6.9 Potensi Valence Electron

104.00 (-eV)34.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Constant pola

330.04 pm361.49 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Pola C / A rasio

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.567 1.886

7 Teknik

7.1 Kapadhetan

7.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

8.57 g / cm ³8.96 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

ora Sumadhiya8.02 g / cm3

0.512 20

7.2 Strength tensile

330.00 MPaora Sumadhiya

2.5 11000

7.3 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 meksa beluk

7.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

ora Sumadhiya1.53 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

0.00 (Pa)ora Sumadhiya

2.62E-10 774

7.5 situs kelenturan

7.5.1 nyukur pengaturan

38.00 GPA48.00 GPA

1.3 222

7.5.2 pengaturan akeh

170.00 GPA140.00 GPA

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young kang pengaturan

105.00 GPA120.00 GPA

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson rasio

0.400.34

0.032 0.47

7.7 Properties Teknik liyane

ductile, malleable

8 Magnetic

8.1 Ciri Magnetic

8.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

8.578.89

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic

paramagnetic

diamagnetic

8.1.3 permeabilitas

ora Sumadhiya1.256629 * 10^-6 H / m

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 kelemahan

ora Sumadhiya-9.63 * 10^-6

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Properties Listrik

8.2.1 Property Listrik

Arman

8.2.2 resistivity

152.00 nΩ · m16.78 nΩ · m

0.18 961

8.2.3 konduktivitas listrik

0.07 10 ⁶ / cm Ω0.60 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 elektron Affinity

86.10 kJ / mol222.80 kJ / mol

0 222.8

9 termal

9.1 Kalor tartamtu

0.26 J / (kg K)0.38 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor

24.60 J / mol · K24.44 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

9.3 doyo termal

53.70 W / m · K401.00 W / m · K

6.3 429

9.4 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

9.5 Expansion termal

7.30 μm / (m · K)16.50 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

9.6 enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan

696.60 kJ / mol283.70 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion

27.20 kJ / mol7.11 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization

745.00 kJ / mol338.90 kJ / mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard molar Entropy

36.40 J / mol.K33.20 J / mol.K

9.5 198.1

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